Exploiting Location and Contextual Information to Develop a Comprehensive Framework for Proactive Handover in Heterogeneous Environments

<table class="table-group" id="tab5"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td align="left">Network</td><td align="center">Parameter</td><td align="center">Symbol</td><td align="center">Value (m)</td><td align="center">Handover</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2">A<br/> </td><td align="center">TBVH dist</td><td align="center"><span style="width: 37.400002px;"><svg height="10.875" id="M221" style="vertical-align:-0.15048pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 37.400002 10.875" width="37.400002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.3)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝐶</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.389513" y="0">1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.641013" y="0">𝐸</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.568155" y="0">1</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span></td><td align="center">116.61903</td><td align="center">Downward</td></tr><tr><td align="center">ND dist </td><td align="center"><span style="width: 40.5625px;"><svg height="10.6875" id="M222" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.5625 10.6875" width="40.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.45)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝐸</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.9271421" y="0">1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.178642" y="0">𝐻</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.093761" y="0">1</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span></td><td align="center">219.04717 </td><td align="center">Upward </td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td align="left"><span style="width: 55.625px;"><svg height="10.9125" id="M223" style="vertical-align:-0.38873pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 55.625 10.9125" width="55.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.27)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.71)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝐵</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.141373" y="0">∩</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.8449" y="0">𝐶</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span></td><td align="center">Intersect dist </td><td align="center"><span style="width: 40.5625px;"><svg height="10.9125" id="M224" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.5625 10.9125" width="40.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.27)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝐸</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.9271421" y="0">3</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.178642" y="0">𝐻</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.093761" y="0">2</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span></td><td align="center">21.28173 </td><td align="center">Alternative </td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="3">B <br/> <br/> </td><td align="center">TBVH dist </td><td align="center"><span style="width: 37.400002px;"><svg height="10.875" id="M225" style="vertical-align:-0.15048pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 37.400002 10.875" width="37.400002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.3)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝐶</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.389513" y="0">2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.641013" y="0">𝐸</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.568155" y="0">2</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span></td><td align="center">226.77795 </td><td align="center">Downward </td></tr><tr><td align="center">Min ND dist </td><td align="center"><span style="width: 38.075001px;"><svg height="10.9125" id="M226" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 38.075001 10.9125" width="38.075001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.27)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝐸</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.9271421" y="0">2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.178642" y="0">𝐸</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.105783" y="0">3</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span></td><td align="center">160.98697 </td><td align="center">Horizontal </td></tr><tr><td align="center">Max ND dist </td><td align="center"><span style="width: 40.5625px;"><svg height="10.6875" id="M227" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.5625 10.6875" width="40.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.45)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝐸</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.9271421" y="0">2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.178642" y="0">𝐻</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.093761" y="0">2</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span></td><td align="center">182.26870 </td><td align="center">Horizontal </td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="2">C <br/> </td><td align="center">Min ND dist </td><td align="center"><span style="width: 43.037498px;"><svg height="10.9125" id="M228" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.9125" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.27)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝐻</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.915119" y="0">2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.166618" y="0">𝐻</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.081738" y="0">3</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span></td><td align="center">171.95314 </td><td align="center">Upward </td></tr><tr><td align="center">Max ND dist </td><td align="center"><span style="width: 40.5625px;"><svg height="10.9125" id="M229" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.5625 10.9125" width="40.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.27)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">𝐸</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.9271421" y="0">3</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.178642" y="0">𝐻</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.093761" y="0">3</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span></td><td align="center">193.23487 </td><td align="center">Upward </td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="5"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

Results for Networks A, B, and C for HR = 100 m.

Journal of Computer Networks and Communications

tab5

Table 5

Table 5: Exploiting Location and Contextual Information to Develop a Comprehensive Framework for Proactive Handover in Heterogeneous Environments 