Ionic Liquids Applied to Improve the Dispersion of Coagent Particles in an Elastomer

Table 2

Cure characteristics and cross-link density of HNBR vulcanizates containing ILs.

ILs	Δ𝐺 (dNm)	𝑡90 (min)	𝑡𝑝 (min)	𝜈𝑇∗10^−4 (mol/cm^3)	Δ𝜈 (%)
—	40.6	35	183	29.5	10.3
AMIBr	38.9	35	182	24.4	8.3
EMIBr	44.3	30	184	36.4	10.4
BMIBr	39.3	30	194	35.6	10.1
AMICl	38.9	30	170	24.0	8.2
EMICl	39.2	30	170	35.6	16.6
BMICl	36.7	25	192	35.5	14.6
HMICl	37.3	30	188	34.9	16.6
EMIBF4	42.8	30	186	40.9	18.3
BMIBF4	41.7	25	162	34.8	10.9
HMIBF4	43.7	25	162	32.4	13.9
OMIBF4	45.6	30	182	26.3	18.6
EMIPF6	42.9	32	204	36.0	14.4
BMIPF6	38.3	25	168	35.0	12.6
HMIPF6	41.7	28	188	34.9	12.9

Δ𝐺: increment of torque in the rubber compound during vulcanization; 𝑡₉₀: optimal vulcanization time; 𝑡_𝑝: scorch time; 𝜈_𝑇: cross-link density of vulcanizates; Δ𝜈: noncovalent cross-link content.