Derailing the UPS of Protein Turnover in Cancer and other Human Diseases

Figure 1

Targeting the UPS of protein turnover in cancer and other human diseases. Ubiquitination of target proteins is achieved through the functional orchestration of three classes of enzymes: E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugation enzyme), and E3 (ubiquitin ligase). Examples of known and new UPS substrates discussed in this review and their targeting small molecules are listed in the accompanying table. S: substrate; Ub: ubiquitin.