Review Article
A Review of the Potential Utility of Mycophenolate Mofetil as a Cancer Therapeutic
Table 3
Antitumorigenicity of other IMPDH inhibitors.
| IMPDH inhibitors | Study design: results | Suggested pathways | References |
| Tiazofurin | Preclinical: activation of erythroid differentiation program of human leukemia K-562 cells | Downregulation of c-ras gene |
Gebeyehu et al., 1985 [66] Olah et al., 1988 [67] | Phase I: ∙ 16 patients with nonlymphocytic leukemia or myeloid blast crisis of chronic granulocytic leukemia. ∘ 8 patients showed improvement or complete remission. | | Tricot et al., 1989 [68] | Phase II: ∙ 6 patients with bcr-abl positive AML or CML in blast crisis ∘ Transient hematological response | | Malek et al., 2004 [69] |
| Benzamide riboside | Preclinical: induction of apoptosis in human lung cancer H520 cells | Increased caspase 3 activity and PAPR cleavage | Khanna et al., 2004 [70] |
| AVN-944 | Preclinical: inhibition of cell proliferation in prostate cancer cell lines | Cell cycle arrest |
Floryk and Thompson, 2008 [71] | Phase I: well tolerated in 25 healthy males | | Hamilton et al., 2009 [72] |
| VX-944 | Preclinical: induction of apoptosis in multiple myeloma cell lines | Caspase-independent pathway | Ishitsuka et al., 2005 [73] |
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