A Multilevel Examination of Peer Victimization and Bullying Preventions in Schools
Table 3
Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression ().
Model 1 (all)
Model 2 (physical)
Model 3 (emotional)
Level-1
Level-2
Level-1
Level-2
Level-1
Level-2
β (OR)
β (OR)
β (OR)
β (OR)
β (OR)
β (OR)
Fixed effects
Individual-level variables
Race (1: white)
.037 (1.038)
.032 (1.033)
.015 (1.015)
.012 (1.013)
.044 (1.045)
.038 (1.038)
Sex (1: male)
−.396 (.673)
−.399 (.671)
.776 (2.172)
.773 (2.167)
−.435 (.647)
−.438 (.645)
Age
−.169 (.845)
−.158 (.853)
−.250 (.778)
−.240 (.787)
−.158 (.854)
−.147 (.863)
Parental support
−.070 (.933)
−.071 (.931)
−.077 (.925)
−.078 (.925)
−.071 (.932)
−.072 (.930)
Peer support
−.168 (.845)
−.167 (.846)
−.147 (.864)
−.146 (.864)
−.168 (.845)
−.167 (.846)
School Pressure
.124 (1.132)
.124 (1.132)
.059 (1.061)
.059 (1.061)
.126 (1.135)
.126 (1.134)
School-level variables
Security climate
−.008 (.992)
.016 (1.016)
−.013 (.987)
Safe Passage (1: yes)
−.047 (.954)
−.008 (.992)
−.053 (.949)
Gang prevention (1: yes)
−.184 (.831)
−.213 (.808)
−.202 (.817)
Bullying prevention (1: yes)
.212 (1.236)
.255 (1.290)
.215 (1.240)
Constant
5.315 (203.399)
5.176 (177.037)
3.561 (35.195)
3.287 (26.773)
5.121 (167.440)
5.007 (149.340)
Goodness of fit
AIC
8154.420
8155.049
4850.986
4855.718
8164.867
8163.984
BIC
8208.529
8242.976
4905.164
4943.756
8218.939
8251.852
−2 log likelihood
8138.420
8129.049
4834.986
4829.718
8148.867
8137.984
(1) Bolded coefficients denote P < 0.05. (2) Null model (equivalent to a one-way ANOVA with schools as a random effect) for each dependent variable that is not reported.
