The Role of Bystander Perceptions and School Climate in Influencing Victims' Responses to Bullying: To Retaliate or Seek Support?

Table 1

Demographic characteristics including comparison by victimization status.

	Victims	Nonvictims	Test statistic
	𝑁=6493 (25.7)	𝑁=18,815 (74.3)
White^a	58.7	51.6	92.4***
Male	46.2	51.2	45.9***
11th and 12th graders (versus 9th and 10th)	37.7	45.6	118.3***
Students intervene	1.91 (0.89)	2.23 (.87)	24.5**
Adults intervene	2.45 (1.00)	2.85 (.90)	29.4***
Safety	2.67 (.69)	3.06 (.57)	43.9***
Connectedness	2.48 (.65)	2.75 (.56)	29.9***

Notes. ^aDichotomous variables were examined using chi-square analyses; continuous variables were examined using 𝑡-tests. **𝑃≤.01, ***𝑃≤.001.