Review Article
Successfully Improving Ocular Drug Delivery Using the Cationic Nanoemulsion, Novasorb
Table 1
The main challenges in ocular drug delivery and key considerations.
| Challenges | |
| Absorption: only 3 to 4% ocular bioavailability after topical administration with traditional eye drops | | Poorly-soluble drugs: conventional aqueous eye drops not suitable for lipophilic drugs (40–60% of new chemical entities) | | Patient compliance: multiple instillations are often needed with eye drops to reach therapeutic levels | | High tolerability/comfort requirements limit the formulation options | | Excipient choice: few excipients listed in ophthalmology (oils, surfactants, polymers…) | | Posterior segment drug delivery: no topical system for the posterior segment; invasive treatments are used due to lack of alternatives | |
| Considerations | |
| Anatomy & physiology of the eye: mucus layer, eyelids, metabolism, blink wash-out… | | Tear composition: lipid outer layer, stability of the tear film, enzymes… | | Disease state: impact of keratitis or inflammation on absorption and clearance… | | Ocular comfort: tolerability of the formulation, pH, osmolality, viscosity, drop size… | | Patient expectations: type of packaging and squeeze ability impacting compliance… | | Drug loading: impact on absorption, efficacy, dosing regimen, compliance… | |
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