Deformable Nanovesicles Synthesized through an Adaptable Microfluidic Platform for Enhanced Localized Transdermal Drug Delivery

Figure 3

Atomic force microscopy of AF647-Zol-loaded NVs and DNVs. The height, amplitude error, and phase are shown for conventional NVs ((a), (b), and (c), resp.) and DNVs ((d), (e), and (f), resp.). The higher phase contrast in DNVs in (f) indicated by blue arrows compared to conventional NVs (c) suggests higher deformability of the vesicles under the same applied imaging force.

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(b)

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(f)