Cardiac Function in 7-8-Year-Old Offspring of Women with Type 1 Diabetes
Table 1
Maternal and child characteristics in ODM and controls.
Controls
ODM
30
30
Maternal characteristics
Age at delivery (years)
33.8 ± 3.0
31.4 ± 3.9
0.01
Parity (nulliparity)
10 (33.3)
21 (70.0)
<0.01
Race: Caucasian
30 (100)
29 (96.7)
1.0
Pregnancy characteristics
Maternal smoking
1 (3.3)
2 (6.7)
1.0
Preeclampsia
2 (6.7)
4 (13.3)
0.7
Mean HbA1c 1st trim. (%)
—
6.51 ± 0.74
—
Mean HbA1c 2nd trim. (%)
—
6.04 ± 0.85
—
Mean HbA1c 3rd trim. (%)
—
6.32 ± 0.93
—
Child characteristics
Gestational age (days)
277 [270–284]
260 [246–268]
<0.01
Birth weight (grams)
3793 ± 631
3400 ± 646
0.02
Birth weight percentile
87 [20–95]
84 [50–98]
0.2
Neonatal macrosomia
15 (50.0)
14 (46.7)
0.8
Sex (male)
16 (53.3)
14 (46.7)
0.6
Congenital malformation
0 (0)
1 (3.3)a
1.0
HCM at birth
0 (0)
3 (10.0)
0.2
Height at age 7 (cm)
131.0 ± 5.7
129.7 ± 5.9
0.4
BMI at age 7 (kg/m2)
15.3 [14.9–16.9]
16.3 [15.5–17.6]
0.1
SBP at age 7 (mmHg)
95.5 [91–100]
97 [94–105]
0.09
DBP at age 7 (mmHg)
58.0 ± 4.0
58.1 ± 5.0
0.9
Data represent mean ± standard deviation, median with interquartile range, or number with percentage. aSingle umbilical artery. Trim.: trimester; HCM: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure.
