Cardiac Function in 7-8-Year-Old Offspring of Women with Type 1 Diabetes
Table 2
Echocardiographic measurements in ODM and controls at 7-8 years of age.
Controls
ODM
30
30
Dimensions
IVSd (Z-score)
0.74 [0.30–1.12]
0.70 [0.28–1.15]
0.9
LVPWd (Z-score)
0.78 [0.29–1.38]
0.84 [0.36–1.18]
0.8
LVEDd (Z-score)
0.05 [−0.53–0.27]
−0.36 [−0.80–0.22]
0.2
Systolic LV function
SF (%)
34.6 ± 4.9
35.3 ± 4.4
0.6
CO (mL/min/kg)
116 [102–134]
117 [99–131]
0.8
IVS ′S (cm/s)
7.4 [7.0–8.0]
7.4 [7.0–8.1]
0.5
LVPW ′S (cm/s)
10.6 [9.6–11.6]
10.0 [8.5–11.4]
0.3
Systolic RV function
TAPSE (cm)
1.99 [1.85–2.21]
1.98 [1.86–2.17]
0.9
TR max PG (mmHg)
15.0 [14.1–17.0]
15.8 [13.1–17.3]
0.7
Diastolic LV function
E/A ratio
2.2 [2.0–2.37]
2.14 [1.74–2.75]
0.9
S/D ratio
0.83 ± 0.27
0.83 ± 0.25
1.0
E/E′ ratio
6.1 [5.4–6.8]
6.3 [5.7–7.3]
0.4
MV DecT (ms)
175.5 ± 30.6
173.1 ± 33.7
0.8
IVS ′De (cm/s)
13.2 [12.7–14.4]
13.3 [12.0–14.9]
0.7
IVS ′Da (cm/s)
5.5 [5.0–6.5]
6.0 [5.4–6.1]
0.5
LVPW ′De (cm/s)
17.9 [15.6–19.7]
18.2 [16.5–19.0]
0.7
LVPW ′Da (cm/s)
6.2 [5.1–7.0]
6.7 [5.7–7.5]
0.2
Data represent means ± standard deviation or median with interquartile range. IVSd: interventricular septal end diastolic dimension; LVPWd: left ventricular posterior wall end diastolic dimension; LVEDd: left ventricular end diastolic dimension; SF: shortening fraction; CO: cardiac output; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TR max PG: maximum tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient; E/A: ratio of early and late left ventricular filling speed; S/D: ratio of systolic and diastolic pulmonary vein filling speed; E/E′ ratio: ratio of early diastolic peak E to E′ velocity; MV DecT: mitral valve deceleration time; ′S, ′De, ′Da: peak wall motion velocity during systole, early diastole or late diastole.
