Cardiac Autonomic Function Correlates with Arterial Stiffness in the Early Stage of Type 1 Diabetes

Table 3

Mean (SD) PWV value in patients with normal, borderline, and abnormal autonomic nervous function tests. Total score is considered normal when ≤1, borderline when 2-3, and abnormal when ≥4.

		Normal result	Borderline result	Abnormal result	P for trend
PWV (m/sec)	Deep breathing test (𝐸/𝐼 index)	5.37	5.53	6.19**	0.006
	Orthostatic test (30 : 15 ratio)	5.46	6.38*	5.96	0.038
	Valsalva test (VM index)	5.52	5.36	5.48	0.89
	Orthostatic test (BP change)	5.55	5.68	6.43	0.27
	Total score	5.47	5.58	6.35*	0.042

* 𝑃<0.05, **𝑃<0.01, for comparisons of PWV values between abnormal/borderline test and normal test (adjusted for multiple comparisons using Bonferroni adjustments).