The Pathophysiology of HIV-/HAART-Related Metabolic Syndrome Leading to Cardiovascular Disorders: The Emerging Role of Adipokines

Table 1

The main differences between the pathogenesis of MS in HIV-infected patients and other patients.

	HIV-infected patients	Non-HIV-infected patients
(A)	HAART-induced dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, HDL reduction, especially if PI used	Fat abnormal metabolism leading to hypertriglyceridemia and dyslipidemia
(B)	HAART-induced leptin deficiency and hypoadiponectinemia leading to insulin resistance	Hypoadiponectinemia leading to insulin resistance and abnormal glucose metabolism
(C)	HIV-associated “lipodystrophy” syndrome—body fat abnormalities—fat accumulation around the neck, dorsocervical region as “buffalo hump,” abdomen, and trunk	Waist circumference enlargement due to abdominal fat accumulation