The Pathophysiology of HIV-/HAART-Related Metabolic Syndrome Leading to Cardiovascular Disorders: The Emerging Role of Adipokines
Table 1
The main differences between the pathogenesis of MS in HIV-infected patients and other patients.
HIV-infected patients
Non-HIV-infected patients
(A)
HAART-induced dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, HDL reduction, especially if PI used
Fat abnormal metabolism leading to hypertriglyceridemia and dyslipidemia
(B)
HAART-induced leptin deficiency and hypoadiponectinemia leading to insulin resistance
Hypoadiponectinemia leading to insulin resistance and abnormal glucose metabolism
(C)
HIV-associated “lipodystrophy” syndrome—body fat abnormalities—fat accumulation around the neck, dorsocervical region as “buffalo hump,” abdomen, and trunk
Waist circumference enlargement due to abdominal fat accumulation