Prevention of Diabetic Complications by Activation of Nrf2: Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Nephropathy

Figure 1

The simplified regulation of Nrf2 by Keap1 and the mechanism of MG132 to activate Nrf2. In general condition, Nrf2 combined with Keap1 in cytoplasm. Under oxidative stress, Nrf2 is free from Keap1 and translocates into nuclear. Through binding with antioxidant response element (ARE), Nrf2 regulates the expression of its downstream target genes to prevent oxidative stress and damage. MG132 could prevent Nrf2 degradation by inhibiting proteasome (adapted from [7, 8]).