Fagopyrum tataricum (Buckwheat) Improved High-Glucose-Induced Insulin Resistance in Mouse Hepatocytes and Diabetes in Fructose-Rich Diet-Induced Mice

Table 1

Effects of EEB on HOMA-IR by levels of blood glucose and insulin in FRD-induced rats.

Groups	Week 8
	Glucose (mmol/L)	Insulin (mIU/L)	HOMA-IR
Normal	6.4±0.4	10.3±0.4	2.9±0.4
HFD	7.8±0.0^#	18.1±0.5^#	6.3±0.7^#
HFD + quercetin	7.5±0.1^#	17.1±0.7^#	5.7±0.2^#
HFD+ rutin	7.2±0.1^#∗	15.3±0.4^#∗	4.9±0.4^#∗
HFD+ EEB	6.9±0.4^#∗	11.2±0.3^∗	3.4±0.8^#∗
HFD + quercetin + rutin	7.0±0.3^#∗	13.6±0.2^∗	4.2±0.1^#∗

Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in mice were induced by fructose-rich diet (FRD; 60%) for 8 weeks. The animals were randomly divided into 6 groups (𝑛=12), including (a) control, (b) fructose-rich diet (FRD), (c) FRD + quercetin (3 mg/kg bw), (d) FRD + rutin (11.5 mg/kg bw), (e) FRD + EEB (50 mg/kg bw), and (f) FRD + rutin + quercetin. The doses of rutin and quercetin were equivalent to those administered to the EEB administration group. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. ^#Significant difference from the control group (𝑃<0.05).  *Significant difference form the FRD group (𝑃<0.05). The statistics were shown by the 𝑡-test.