Pentoxifylline Attenuates Methionine- and Choline-Deficient-Diet-Induced Steatohepatitis by Suppressing TNF-α Expression and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Figure 5
Effect of pentoxifylline on TNF-α-induced ER stress in Hep3B cells and hepatocytes. Rats fed MCD diet (group III) showed activated levels of GRP78, phosphor-eIF2α, ATF4, ATF6, IRE1, p-JNK, and CHOP with significance in ATF4, ATF6, and IRE1. Compared to group III, administration of PTX in MCD diet rats (group IV) attenuated the expression of GRP78, phosphor-eIF2α, ATF4, ATF6, p-JNK, and CHOP (a). The experiments were performed five times under identical conditions. Results are shown as mean ± SEM. ***P < 0.001 versus untreated control group. , : MCD plus saline versus MCD plus PTX group. Hep3B cells exposed to 100 ng/mL TNF-α for 24 h activated GRP78, p-eIF2α, ATF4, ATF6, IRE1, p-JNK, and CHOP. Pretreatment of 1 mM PTX for 18 and 24 h reduced TNF-α-induced ER stress in Hep3B cells (b). The experiments were performed four times under identical conditions.
