Procalcific Phenotypic Drift of Circulating Progenitor Cells in Type 2 Diabetes with Coronary Artery Disease

Table 1

Clinical characteristics of study patients divided according to the presence of DM and CAD. Post hoc analyses: *𝑃<0.05 in DM+ versus DM−; ^#𝑃<0.05 in CAD+ versus CAD−.

Characteristic	DM−CAD−	DM−CAD+	DM+CAD−	DM+CAD+	ANOVA P
Number	33	19	33	22	—
Age (years)	54.3±3.2	52.4±3.1	61.9±1.8 *	67.3±1.4 *	<0.001
Sex male (%)	38	79^#	70*	86	0.001
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.8±0.4	26.8±1.3	28.3±0.9 *	30.6±0.9 *	<0.001
SBP (mm Hg)	139.1±4.1	120.4±5.6	143.2±3.2	141.7±4.8	<0.001
DBP (mm Hg)	83.4±2.3	75.3±2.1	85.9±2.1	84.5±2.1	<0.001
Hypertension (%)	30	32	88*	91*	<0.001
Smoking habit (%)	16	26	6	5	0.102
HbA1c (%)	5.2±0.2	5.8±0.1	8.4±0.3 *	8.1±0.3 *	<0.001
FPG (mg/dL)	87.9±3.9	99.3±4.9	164.3±11.6 *	161.4±10.5 *	<0.001
T-CH (mg/dL)	203.1±7.1	183.6±11.6	178.9±6.4 *	158.5±7.9 *	0.002
HDL (mg/dL)	60.0±3.7	49.2±1.9^#	48.1±2.1 *	39.6±2.0^#*	<0.001
LDL (mg/dL)	125.2±6.7	105.7±11.3	100.1±5.6 *	90.8±6.5	0.008
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	94.7±7.9	144.3±27.9	150.4±17.3 *	141.0±12.4 *	0.056
Retinopathy (%)	0	0	21*	36*	<0.001
Nephropathy (%)	0	16	6	27^#*	0.07
Neuropathy (%)	0	0	21*	27*	0.02
CerVD (%)	21	5	70*	50*	<0.001
PAD (%)	6	0	42*	32*	<0.001
OHA (%)	0	0	76*	68*	<0.001
Insulin (%)	0	0	42*	41*	<0.001
ACEi/ARB (%)	28	95^#	76*	77	<0.001
Other anti-HT (%)	22	84^#	55*	77	<0.001
Aspirin (%)	16	79^#	76*	86	<0.001
Statin (%)	19	68^#	58*	86	<0.001

BMI: body mass index. SDP, systolic blood pressure. DBP: diastolic blood pressure. FPG: fasting plasma glucose. T-CH: total cholesterol. HDL: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. LDL: low density lipoprotein cholesterol. CerVD, cerebrovascular disease. PAD: peripheral arterial disease. OHA: oral antihyperglycemic drugs. ACEi: angiotensin conerting enzyme inhibitors. ARB: angiotensin receptor blockers. AntiHT, anti-hypertensive medications.