Cardiac Diastolic Evaluation in Pregnant Women with Abnormal Glucose Tolerance: An Opportunity to Detect the Early and Subclinical Alterations and Prevent Cardiovascular Diseases

Table 1

Clinical characteristics of pregnant women with abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT) in pregnancy and pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT).

	Abnormal glucose tolerance woman	Normal glucose tolerance woman	𝑃 value
𝑁 (%)	55 (50.9)	53 (49.1)	ns
Age (yr)	34.6±4.9^∗	31.6±6.2	0.006
Prepregnancy BMI (Kg/m²)	24.7±4.1	24.9±5.9	ns
BMI at the echocardiograms (Kg/m²)	28.1±4.2	27.1±5.5	ns
Familiarity for type 2 diabetes, 𝑛 (% )	28 (50.9)	27 (49.1)	ns
Previous pregnancies, 𝑛 (% )	76 (63.1)*	59 (36.9)	0.003
Smoke during pregnancy, 𝑛 (% )	5 (9.4)	5 (9.0)	ns
Gestational age at echocardiograms (weeks)	29.7±2.6	28.9±4.0	ns
Heart rate (beats/min)	87.0±10.9	83.9±10.7	ns
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	108.7±10.1	105.3±11.6	ns
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	68.9±8.91^∗	64.8±8.9	0.02
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	83.0±15.4^∗	70.8±10.2	0.02
Fasting insulin (μmol/L)	8.8±5.6^∗	6.3±4.6	0.001
HOMA-IR	1.70±1.30^∗	1.01±0.81	0.003
QUICKI	0.36±0.005^∗	0.40±0.06	0.004
Women with OAV, 𝑛 (%)	23 (21.3)	0 (0)	0.001

Data are expressed as means ± SD or percentages. ^∗𝑃 values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.