The Novel Oral Drug Subetta Exerts an Antidiabetic Effect in the Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rat: Comparison with Rosiglitazone

Table 2

Whole blood HbA1c (%; M ± SEM), basal (non-fed state) plasma insulin (ng/mL; M ± SEM), and GLP-1 (ng/mL; M ± SEM) in Goto Kakizaki/Par male rats (𝑛=12 in each group).

Groups	Whole blood HbA1c level (%)		Plasma insulin level (ng/mL)		Plasma GLP-1 level (ng/mL)
	Day 0 (d0)	Day 28 (d28)	Day 1 (d1)	Day 28 (d28)	Day 1 (d1)	Day 28 (d28)
RAD of Abs to β-InsR	8.38 ± 0.27^ND=4	8.76 ± 0.26	2.7 ± 0.4	2.7 ± 0.4	7.70 ± 0.74^#	7.24 ± 0.49^#
RAD of Abs to eNOS	8.90 ± 0.21	9.85 ± 0.44*	2.8 ± 0.4	2.7 ± 0.4	6.10 ± 0.77	5.42 ± 0.66
Subetta	9.32 ± 0.50^ND=3	8.87 ± 0.13	3.0 ± 0.3	2.2 ± 0.2**	5.70 ± 0.44	6.56 ± 0.61
Rosi	8.78 ± 0.24	9.18 ± 0.29	1.8 ± 0.4^##	1.2 ± 0.1^*#	5.96 ± 0.52	5.51 ± 0.58
H2O	9.15 ± 0.17	8.77 ± 0.12	3.2 ± 0.4	2.4 ± 0.3***	5.30 ± 0.49	5.30 ± 0.50
CMC	9.30 ± 0.21^ND=6	9.20 ± 0.39^ND=2	4.0 ± 0.5	2.0 ± 0.3**	5.55 ± 0.47	4.58 ± 0.44

ND = 2, 3, 4 or 6: number of rats, for which whole blood HbA1c level (%) was not determined because of failure of the assays or insufficient number (volume) of samples
^∗𝑃<0.05 (versus d0 or d1, resp.)
^∗∗𝑃<0.01 (versus d1)
^∗∗∗𝑃<0.001 (versus d1)
^#𝑃 < 0.05 (versus control (H₂O or CMC, resp.))
^##𝑃 < 0.01 (versus control (H₂O or CMC, resp.)).