Exercise and the Aging Endothelium

Table 2

Suggested shear stress sensing mechanisms by the endothelial cells and related intracellular signal transductions [33, 34].

Suggested candidates for sensing shear stress	Intracellular signal transduction
Cellular adhesion molecules	MAPK
Glycocalyx	Ras-ERK
Ion channels (K^+, Cl^−, Ca^2+, P2X purinoceptor)	C-JNK
T K receptors	PI3- Kinase
GPCR	Akt
Caveola	FAK
Primary cillia	Rho Family GTPase
	NF-κB
	PKC

C-JNK: c-jun N-terminal kinases, ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinase, FAK: focal adhesion kinase, GPCR: G-Protein coupled receptors, GTP: guanosine triphosphate, MAPK: mitogen-activated protein Kinase, NF-κB: nuclear factor-kappaB, PI3: phosphoinositide 3, PKC: protein kinase C, T K receptors: tyrosine kinase receptors.