Effects of Glucose Load and Nateglinide Intervention on Endothelial Function and Oxidative Stress

Table 3

Differences between FMEDD, NO, ET-1, MDA, after SOD after glucose load.

Group		Control group	Prediabetes groups	Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes group	𝐹/𝜒^2 value	P value
Number of patients (M/F)		33 (12/21)	33 (12/21)	43 (25/18)
FMEDD	Fasting	17.79±3.91	15.91±4.40	12.16±2.93	28.81^a	<.001*
	After glucose load	14.07±3.15	11.99±4.37	9.42±3.18	16.09	<.001*
	P value	<.001	<.001	<.001
NO	Fasting	174.76 ± 67.25	153.69 ± 61.67	128.02 ± 52.91	12.28^a	.002***
	After glucose load	153.63 ± 60.06	138.13 ± 60.79	117.90 ± 48.25	9.43^a	.009**
	P value	<.001	.0006	<.001
ET-1	Fasting	1.44 ± 1.51	1.62 ± 1.29	1.93 ± 1.79	1.87^a	.392
	After glucose load	1.66 ± 1.54	1.54 ± 1.47	2.13 ± 1.86	2.17^a	.338
	P value	<.001	.3878	.0046
MDA	Fasting	5.41 ± 1.32	5.72 ± 1.18	5.76 ± 1.29	0.8	.454
	After glucose load	6.03 ± 1.62	6.14 ± 1.64	6.31 ± 1.65	0.49^a	.783
	P value	<.001	.1938	.0003
SOD	Fasting	169.24 ± 22.35	143.94 ± 17.37	118.51 ± 17.26	63.73^a	<.001*
	After glucose load	159.85 ± 22.57	127.88 ± 14.24	100.93 ± 17.37	77.17^a	<.001*
	P value	.0052	.0011	.0002

FMEDD: flow-mediated endothelium-dependent dilation; NO: nitric oxide; ET-1: endothelin-1; MDA: malondialdehyde; SOD: superoxide dismutase.
^aUsing nonparametric analysis method.
*Significant among the 3 groups.
**Significantly different in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and control groups.
***Significantly different in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and control groups, prediabetes groups, and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes group.