T-Cell Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms and Vitamin D Pathway Gene Polymorphisms in End-Stage Renal Disease due to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Nephropathy: Comparisons with Health Status and Other Main Causes of End-Stage Renal Disease
Table 3
Characteristics of hemodialysis patients grouped by a cause of ESRD.
Parameter
Type 2 DM nephropathy (1)
Chronic glomerulonephritis (2)
Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis (3)
Hypertensive nephropathy (4)
value
Demographic data
= 366
= 178
= 118
= 231
Male sex, (% of all)
201 (54.9)
110 (61.8)
63 (53.4)
134 (58.0)
0.386b
Age at RRT beginning, years
62.9 ± 14.1
47.4 ± 17.6
59.9 ± 16.6
63.3 ± 13.6
< 1 versus 2: < 2 versus 3: < 2 versus 4: <
RRT duration, years
3.29 (0.06–28.0)
5.73 (0.16–28.2)
4.82 (0.33–26.5)
3.82 (0.12–20.4)
< 1 versus 2: < 1 versus 3: < 2 versus 4: <
Death rate, cases per 100 patient-years
0.48
0.41
0.44
0.42
Death rate, cases per 100 dialysis-years
7.97
2.87
5.28
6.70
Clinical data
= 332
= 178
= 118
= 231
Coronary artery disease, (% of all)
174 (52.4)
43 (24.2)
29 (24.6)
96 (41.5)
< 1 versus 2: < 1 versus 3: < 1 versus 4: 2 versus 4: 3 versus 4:
Myocardial infarction, (% of all)
98 (29.5)
25 (14.0)
17 (14.4)
59 (25.5)
< 1 versus 2: < 1 versus 3: < 1 versus 4: < 2 versus 4: 3 versus 4:
PTX, (% of all)
2 (0.60)
14 (7.9)
5 (4.2)
2 (0.87)
< 1 versus 2: < 1 versus 3: 2 versus 4: 3 versus 4:
Treatment with cinacalcet hydrochloride
24 (7.2)
48 (27.0)
21 (17.8)
29 (12.6)
< 1 versus 2: < 1 versus 3: 1 versus 4: 2 versus 4:
Laboratory data
= 366
= 178
= 118
= 231
Anti-HBc positive, (% of all)
95 (26.0)
53 (29.8)
25 (21.2)
48 (20.8)
0.233b
HBsAg positive, (% of all anti-HBc positive)
7 (7.4)
10 (18.9)
0 (0.0)
1 (2.08)
1 versus 2: 2 versus 3: 2 versus 4:
Anti-HCV positive, (% of all)
26 (7.1)
33 (18.5)
11 (9.3)
13 (5.6)
< 1 versus 2: 2 versus 3: 2 versus 4: <
HCV RNA positive, (% of all anti-HCV positive)
14 (53.8)
27 (81.8)
4 (36.4)
8 (61.5)
< 1 versus 2: < 2 versus 3: 2 versus 4: <
Responders to hepatitis B vaccine, (% of all)
202 (55.2)
107 (60.1)
70 (59.3)
138 (59.7)
0.598b
25(OH)D (ng/mL)a
13.3 ± 3.9
14.2 ± 7.3
15.7 ± 4.3
14.1 ± 3.9
0.453d
Total calcium (mg/dL)
8.83 ± 0.67
8.85 ± 0.85
9.04 ± 0.61
8.88 ± 0.87
0.239d
Phosphates (mg/dL)
5.03 ± 1.44
5.63 ± 1.59
4.92 ± 1.29
5.15 ± 1.47
1 versus 2: < 2 versus 3: < 2 versus 4: <
PTH (pg/mL)
296 (12.9–3,757)
632 (12.7–3,118)
426 (45.8–3,741)
364 (19.5–2,351)
< 1 versus 2: < 1 versus 3: < 1 versus 4: < 2 versus 4: <
Total ALP (U/L)
98.2 (25.8–1,353)
113 (44.5–860)
89.0 (40.5–1,684)
90.9 (41.0–1,110)
2 versus 4: <
25(OH)D: 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, anti-HBc: antibodies to core antigen of hepatitis B virus, anti-HCV: antibodies to hepatitis C virus, HBsAg: surface antigen of hepatitis B virus, DM: diabetes mellitus, ESRD: end-stage renal disease, HCV RNA: ribonucleic acid of hepatitis C virus, PTH: parathyroid hormone, and RRT: renal replacement therapy.
a = 66 for type 2 DM nephropathy, = 40 for chronic glomerulonephritis, = 13 for chronic interstitial nephritis, and = 43 for hypertensive nephropathy.
bChi squared test.
cKruskal-Wallis test.
dANOVA test.
eFisher’s exact test.
