|
Branch of UPR | Cell type | Function | Involved mechanism(s) | References |
|
IRE1/XBP1 | MRPE cells, ARPE-19 cells | Apoptosis | Oxidative stress and Bcl-2 signaling | [21, 122] |
|
IRE1/XBP1 | HRECs | Hypoxia- or TNF-α-induced inflammation | TNF-α/IKK/IκB/NF-κB, and VEGF | [12, 51] |
|
IRE1/XBP1 | BRECs | VEGF- or high glucose-induced angiogenesis | VEGF degradation | [59] |
|
IRE1/XBP1 | ARPE19 cells | Proliferation | Not mentioned | [123] |
|
IRE1/XBP1 | ARPE19 cells | Inflammation and angiogenesis | VEGF transcriptional regulation | [124] |
|
IRE1/XBP1 | rMC-1 | Inflammation and apoptosis | Oxidative stress, inflammasome, and autophagy | [74] |
|
IRE1/XBP1 | RGCs | Ischemia-, NMDA-, or IOP-induced apoptosis | Rat model, ASK1, SEK1, and pJNK | [68, 70] |
|
ATF6 | BRECs | Angiogenesis | VEGF degradation | [59] |
|
ATF6 | MIO-M1 | Apoptosis | Oxidative stress | [73] |
|
PERK/ATF4/CHOP | HRECs, TR-iBRB | Inflammation | TNF-α, ICAM-1, VEGF, STAT3 signaling | [12, 18] |
|
PERK/ATF4/CHOP | rMC-1 | High glucose-induced inflammation | JNK signaling, HIF-1α/VEGF | [15] |
|
PERK/ATF4/CHOP | HRP | High glucose-induced inflammation | MCP-1 and VEGF | [53] |
|
PERK/ATF4/CHOP | ARPE-19 cells | Apoptosis | Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction mediate apoptosis | [122] |
|
PERK/ATF4 | ARPE-19 cells | Inflammation and apoptosis | VEGF transcriptional regulation and oxidative stress | [65, 122, 125] |
|
PERK/ATF4/CHOP | HRP | Apoptosis | Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy | [16, 52] |
|
PERK/CHOP | hTERT-RPE | High glucose-induced apoptosis | Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy | [17] |
|
PERK/CHOP | MIO-M1 | Apoptosis | Oxidative stress | [73] |
|
PERK/CHOP | RGCs, RGC-5 | NMDA-, IOP-, or diabetes/high glucose-induced apoptosis | Neurotrophin-4 | [69–71, 126] |
|