Vomiting and Dysphagia Predict Delayed Gastric Emptying in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Subjects
Table 1
Patient characteristics.
(%)
193 (100)
Age y (mean (SD))
60.15 (15.61)
Male
76 (39.38)
H. pylori
44 (22.80)
Smoking
20 (10.36)
Symptoms
Dysphagia
25 (12.95)
Early satiety
133 (68.91)
Vomiting
71 (36.79)
Bloating
142 (73.58)
Diabetes
79 (40.93)
HBA1C % (mean (SD))
7.70 (1.87)
Neuropathy
34 (43.04)
Retinopathy
41 (51.90)
nephropathy
25 (31.65)
Antidiabetic medication¥
76 (96.20)
Cardiovascular disease
139 (72.02)
Hypertension
105 (54.40)
Dyslipidemia
132 (68.39)
Ischemic heart disease
43 (22.28)
Peripheral vascular disease
22 (11.40)
Scleroderma
14 (7.25)
Gastroesophageal surgery
18 (9.32)
GERD
94 (48.70)
Medications
Oral hypoglycemic
51 (26.42)
Insulin
34 (17.62)
Antiaggregant
96 (49.74)
Antihypertensive
108 (55.96)
Antisecretory#
147 (76.17)
Narcotic
7 (3.63)
Metoclopramide /domperidone
57 (29.53)
Data missing for 5 subjects; ¥insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents, or both; aspirin, clopidogrel, or both; #H2-receptor antagonist (10 cases), proton pump inhibitor (126 cases), or both (11 cases).
