Low Molecular Weight Fucoidan Alleviates Cardiac Dysfunction in Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rats by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis

Table 1

Echocardiographic parameters of rats from different groups.

Parameters	CON ( = 6)	DM ( = 8)	F100 ( = 6)
LVID;d (mm)	8.64 ± 0.24	8.68 ± 0.19	7.82 ± 0.35^#
LVPW;d (mm)	1.76 ± 0.13	1.67 ± 0.13	1.67 ± 0.11
LVID;s (mm)	4.80 ± 0.18	6.20 ± 0.19^**	4.96 ± 0.23^##
LVPW;s (mm)	2.99 ± 0.19	2.08 ± 0.091^**	2.35 ± 0.18
LVAW;d (mm)	1.71 ± 0.12	1.37 ± 0.066^*	1.39 ± 0.071
LVAW;s (mm)	1.97 ± 0.11	1.67 ± 0.064^*	1.74 ± 0.11
LV Vol;d (l)	411.69 ± 24.99	415.53 ± 19.63	398.62 ± 32.58
LV Vol;s (l)	108.51 ± 9.84	196.01 ± 13.93^**	108.21 ± 14.27^##
CO (µl)	303.17 ± 22.87	219.52 ± 14.95^**	290.41 ± 31.79^#
EF (%)	73.42 ± 2.20	52.63 ± 2.76^**	64.34 ± 1.86^##
FS (%)	44.41 ± 1.91	28.56 ± 1.80^**	36.54 ± 1.43^##
LV mass/body weight (%)	0.20 ± 0.024	0.24 ± 0.030^*	0.23 ± 0.015

LVIDd(s): left ventricular end-diastolic (systolic) inner-dimension; LVPWd(s): diastolic (systolic) left ventricular posterior wall thickness; LVAWd(s): diastolic (systolic) left ventricular anterior wall thickness; LV Vol d(s): left ventricular diastolic (systolic) volume; CO: cardiac output; EF: ejection fraction; FS: fraction shortening. Each value is mean ± SEM for 6–8 rats in each group. and versus control, respectively. and versus diabetes, respectively.