Insulin Increases Ceramide Synthesis in Skeletal Muscle

Figure 4

Following SPT2 knockdown, myotubes were treated with insulin (INS, 50 nM), palmitic acid (PA, 0.5 mM), or both (INS + PA). (a) Ceramides were significantly comparably elevated with INS and PA treatments, but not with SPT2 KD (^∗𝑃<0.05, treatment versus control). Both treatments together (INS + PA) resulted in an additive increase in ceramides (^∗∗𝑃<0.05, INS + PA versus INS and PA). SPT2 KD prevented treatment-induced increases in ceramide (^#𝑃<0.05, CON (scramble) versus SPT2 KD). (b) TAG levels were elevated in PA and INS + PA treatments (^∗𝑃<0.05, treatment versus control). SPT2 KD increased TAG in every condition (^#𝑃<0.05, SPT2 versus CON (scramble)).

(a)

(b)