The Influence of Peripheral Neuropathy, Gender, and Obesity on the Postural Stability of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Table 2

Mean and standard deviation of the mean of the sway characteristics of 151 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus during upright stance on hard/soft surface, with the eyes open/closed.

Variables	BMI < 30		BMI 30 to < 35		BMI ≥ 35
	Eyes open	Eyes closed	Eyes open	Eyes closed	Eyes open	Eyes closed
	Mean ± S.D.	Mean ± S.D.	Mean ± S.D.	Mean ± S.D.	Mean ± S.D.	Mean ± S.D.
Hard surface
Length (mm)	330 ± 104	448 ± 219	347 ± 126	481 ± 292	332 ± 99	522 ± 243
Area (mm^2)	105 ± 99	215 ± 671	108 ± 82	198 ± 295	139 ± 112	280 ± 267
^a position (mm)	4.5 ± 36.8	0.75 ± 6.3	0.09 ± 6.2	0.69 ± 6.2	0.32 ± 4.8	0.67 ± 4.7
^b position (mm)	−29.6 ± 19.1	−28.2 ± 15.5	−34.6 ± 19.5	−32.4 ± 18.5	−36.8 ± 14.2	−33.1 ± 12.1
Soft surface
Length (mm)	447 ± 189	686 ± 308	452 ± 197	724 ± 385	368 ± 91	652 ± 252
Area (mm^2)	204 ± 283	413 ± 505	216 ± 210	505 ± 521	234 ± 229	420 ± 361
^a position (mm)	−0.01 ± 7.2	−0.68 ± 7.6	2.12 ± 6.4	1.06 ± 6.4	−1.59 ± 4.3	−1.82 ± 5.7
^b position (mm)	−26.6 ± 17.5	−25.3 ± 15.9	−33.2 ± 20.9	−29.5 ± 24.5	−32.9 ± 14	−31.2 ± 13.9

: lateral-lateral position of the centre of pressure.
^b: anterior-posterior position of the centre of pressure.