Clinical Study
Effectiveness of a Nurse-Managed Protocol to Prevent Hypoglycemia in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes
Table 1
Patients’ main characteristics.
| | | Phase A (84 patients) | Phase B (266 patients) | |
| | Age (years) mean ± SD | 70.2 ± 10.1 | 70.9 ± 11.0 | 0.396 | | <65 (no., %) | 21 (25.0) | 69 (25.9) | 0.173 | | 65–74 (no., %) | 34 (40.5) | 80 (30.1) | | ≥75 (no., %) | 29 (34.5) | 117 (44.0) | | Male (number, %) | 60 (71.4) | 168 (63.2) | 0.166 | | History of diabetes (number, %) | | | | | (i) None | 4 (4.8) | 18 (6.7) | 0.076 | | (ii) Type 1 | 3 (3.5) | 12 (4.5) | | (iii) Type 2 | 75 (89.3) | 236 (88.8) | | (iv) Other types | 2 (2.4) | 0 (0.0) | | Glucose-lowering drugs used at home (number, %) | | | | | (i) None | 7 (8.3) | 29 (10.9) | 0.499 | | (ii) Oral | 53 (63.1) | 149 (56.0) | | (iii) Insulin | 22 (26.2) | 74 (27.8) | | (iv) Insulin and oral drugs | 2 (2.4) | 14 (5.3) | | History of malignant cancer (number, %) | 9 (10.7) | 31 (12.0) | 0.805 | | Body mass index (kg/m2) | | | | | <18 (number, %) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.8) | <0.001 | | 18–24 (number, %) | 18 (21.4) | 87 (32.7) | | 25–29 (number, %) | 39 (46.4) | 118 (44.4) | | ≥30 (number, %) | 27 (32.1) | 58 (21.8) | | Blood glucose at admission (mg/dL) | | | | | <200 (number, %) | 53 (63.1) | 174 (65.4) | 0.895 | | ≥200 (number, %) | 31 (36.9) | 91 (34.2) | | HbA1c at admission (mmol/mol, %) | | | | | <6 (no., %) | 4 (4.8) | 33 (12.4) | 0.989 | | 6–6.9 (no., %) | 31 (36.9) | 83 (31.2) | | 7–7.9 (no., %) | 25 (29.8) | 54 (20.3) | | ≥8 (no., %) | 24 (28.6) | 92 (35.6) | | eGFR at hospital admission (mL/min/1.73 m2) | | | | | ≥90 | 17 (20.2) | 50 (18.8) | 0.944 | | 60–89 | 27 (32.1) | 95 (35.7) | | 30–59 | 30 (35.7) | 92 (34.6) | | <30 | 10 (11.9) | 29 (10.9) | | Liver failure (number, %) | 2 (2.4) | 5 (2.3) | 0.778 | | Infection in hospital (number, %) | 17 (20.2) | 59 (22.2) | 0.707 | | Initial s.c. insulin dose (IU/kg/day) | | | | | 0.6 | 57 (67.9) | 200 (75.2) | 0.168 | | 0.6 | 27 (32.1) | 65 (24.4) | | Diagnosis at discharge (number, %) | | | | | (i) STEMI | 21 (25.0) | 94 (35.3) | 0.0760 | | (ii) NSTEMI | 44 (52.4) | 111 (41.7) | | (iii) Unstable angina | 3 (3.6) | 23 (8.7) | | (iv) Other | 16 (19.0) | 38 (14.3) |
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SD = standard deviation; STEMI = ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction; NSTEMI = non-ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated according to CKD-EPI formula.
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