Dairy Consumption and Insulin Resistance: The Role of Body Fat, Physical Activity, and Energy Intake
Table 1
Descriptive statistics ( = 272).
Variables
Mean
SD
Min
Percentile
Max
25th
50th
75th
Weight (kg)
66.1
10.0
42.1
58.9
65.2
72.0
95.5
Age (years)
40.1
3.0
34.0
38.0
40.0
43.0
46.0
Activity (counts/week)*
2700.1
781.9
827.8
2103.9
2669.6
3166.6
4945.9
Body fat (%)
31.7
6.9
14.6
27.2
32.2
36.8
44.8
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)
86.7
5.9
73.0
82.0
87.0
90.0
111.0
Fasting insulin (μU/mL)
7.0
4.2
1.2
4.3
6.1
8.3
34.8
Energy intake (kJ/day)
8585.1
1335.0
6293.7
7624.0
8386.4
9332.0
14623.0
Energy intake (kcal/day)
2051.9
319.1
1504.0
1822.1
2004.4
2230.4
3495.1
Carbohydrate (% of total kJ)
55.7
6.2
25.4
51.7
56.0
59.4
73.3
Protein (% of total kJ)
13.8
2.5
8.5
12.3
13.5
15.1
25.5
Fat (% of total kJ)
30.5
5.8
11.6
27.1
30.3
34.5
51.6
Insoluble fiber (g/4184 kJ)
3.8
1.9
0.5
2.5
3.4
4.7
12.6
Soluble fiber (g/4184 kJ)
1.7
0.9
0.2
1.1
1.6
2.0
6.3
Dairy intake (serv./day)
1.1
1.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.6
6.0
Dairy intake (serv./4184 kJ)
0.6
0.5
0.0
0.2
0.5
0.8
3.1
HOMA
1.5
1.0
0.2
0.9
1.3
1.8
8.3
HOMA (log-transformed)
0.3
0.6
−1.5
−0.1
0.3
0.6
2.1
Average activity counts for 1 week objectively measured using accelerometers, divided by 1000. Fiber intake is expressed as g per 4184 kJ (1000 kcal). HOMA, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.
