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| Enablers | Capability | Physical | (i) Physical fitness improved over time |
| Psychological | (i) Knowing about healthy eating during pregnancy |
| (ii) Aware/informed about bGDM/GDM |
| Opportunity | Physical | (i) Active baby increases mother’s activity |
| (ii) Baby, easy to look after, allows more time for healthier lifestyle |
| (iii) Affordable childcare at gyms |
| (iv) Exercise sessions available on weekends |
| (v) Allowed more time while on leave from work |
| Social | (i) Support and/or encouragement from family members and friends |
| Motivation | Automatic | (i) Used to healthy dietary pattern and/or active lifestyle |
| (ii) Craved healthier food |
| (iii) Likes exercise |
| Reflective | (i) Cared about baby’s health and/or own health |
| (ii) Wanted to lose weight or not gaining too much weight |
| (iii) Tried to avoid food (e.g. sugar, soft drink) “causing” hyperglycemia |
| (iv) Tried to set good examples for children at home |
| (v) Thought about and planned diet and lifestyle goals in advance by using booklets from research study |
| (vi) Attended education sessions to discuss goals for diet and exercise |
| (vii) Wanted to make good value of the money paid for exercise sessions |
|
| Barriers | Capability | Physical | (i) Being tired and exhausted or having no energy |
| (ii) Experienced a painful pregnancy |
| (iii) Felt sick and nauseous or unwell |
| (iv) Low lying placenta |
| (v) Had caesarean section |
| (vi) Had knee problem |
| Psychological | (i) Unsure about proper diet and lifestyle for women with bGDM |
| (ii) Believed that pregnant women should not start exercising if not active before pregnancy |
| Opportunity | Physical | (i) Being too busy |
| (ii) Lack of family support |
| (iii) Bad weather or getting dark early during winter |
| (iv) Having easy access to sugary food or chocolate |
| (v) Change in weather and environment while moving to another country |
| (vi) Shopping with young children is difficult |
| (vii) Having meals away from home |
| Social | (i) The belief that “new mums could have chocolate, cakes or something sweet” |
| (ii) Lack of support from family members |
| Motivation | Automatic | (i) Personal preference |
| (ii) Habits |
| (iii) Craved unhealthy food |
| (iv) Not motivated to exercise |
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