Rat Models of Diet-Induced Obesity and High Fat/Low Dose Streptozotocin Type 2 Diabetes: Effect of Reversal of High Fat Diet Compared to Treatment with Enalapril or Menhaden Oil on Glucose Utilization and Neuropathic Endpoints
Table 2
Effect of reversal of high fat diet, enalapril, or menhaden oil in diet-induced obese or type 2 diabetic rats on nonfasting serum free fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol, leptin, and insulin levels.
Condition
Free fatty acids (mmol/L)
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
Cholesterol (mg/mL)
Leptin (ng/mL)
Insulin (ng/mL)
Control (12)
0.20 ± 0.03
85 ± 8
3.0 ± 0.5
11.1 ± 1.1
4.3 ± 0.8
Obese (11)
0.20 ± 0.05
94 ± 8
4.1 ± 0.3
38.9 ± 5.8a
4.5 ± 0.8
Obese + normal diet (10)
0.16 ± 0.03
94 ± 13
3.6 ± 0.5
10.4 ± 0.8d
3.8 ± 0.7
Obese + enalapril (12)
0.20 ± 0.02
83 ± 12
3.4 ± 0.3
24.8 ± 4.1
29.0 ± 2.6a,c,d
Obese + menhaden oil (12)
0.24 ± 0.02
62 ± 9
3.7 ± 0.6
65.6 ± 17.4a
19.5 ± 3.2a,c,d
Diabetic (10)
0.63 ± 0.11a,d
319 ± 59a,d
8.0 ± 2.3a
16.7 ± 8.5
0.9 ± 0.4
Diabetic + normal diet (10)
0.31 ± 0.06
232 ± 46
6.0 ± 1.0
5.2 ± 1.9
5.2 ± 1.4
Diabetic + enalapril (11)
0.48 ± 0.15
179 ± 36
3.2 ± 0.5
4.3 ± 1.2
6.7 ± 1.5b
Diabetic + menhaden oil (11)
0.29 ± 0.03
104 ± 22c
4.4 ± 0.7
16.3 ± 4.0b
5.5 ± 1.3b
Data are presented as the mean ± S.E.M. compared to control; compared to obese matched condition; compared to diabetic; compared to obese. Parentheses indicate the number of experimental animals.