Towards Patient-Oriented Diabetes Care: Results from Two KORA Surveys in Southern Germany
Table 5
Survey items.
Item
Wording
Number of missings F3/F4 ()
Coding
Care processes
Medical examinations
The following list specifies medical examinations and advice which can be of importance in diabetes care. When was the last time your doctor did perform the following? (i) Eye exam (ii) Feet exam (iii) HbA1c testing (iv) Blood pressure (v) Proteinuria testing (i) Advice on appropriate physical activity (ii) Advice on appropriate diet
31/11 36/13 37/12 30/11 30/11 35/12 36/13
1 = in the last 12 months 2 = More than one year ago 3 = Never 4 = Do not know for multivariate analysis: if variable IN (1) then examination = 1; if variable IN (2, 3, 4) then examination = 0; for multivariate analysis: if answer is missing then examination = 0;
Diabetes education
Have you ever attended a diabetes education class? If yes, how many diabetes education classes have you attended?
38/16
1 = Yes 2 = No if variable IN () then education = 0; if variable IN () then education = number of classes for multivariate analysis: if answer is missing then education = 0; if variable IN (1) and number of classes IN (.) then number of classes = 1
Multiprofessional care
Have you been seen by any of the following health care professionals for your diabetes care during the past 12 months? (i) Podiatrist (ii) Dietician
51/18 58/18
1 = Yes 2 = No if variable IN (1) then interdisciplinary = 1; if variable IN (2) then interdisciplinary = 0; for multivariate analysis: if answer is missing then interdisciplinary = 0;
Quality of patient/physician relationship
The following questions refer to the performance of the physician who has been responsible for your diabetes care during the past 12 months: How do you rate (i) the comprehensibility of information which you receive? (ii) the opportunity to ask questions during your appointments? (iii) the opportunity to shared decision-making about your diabetes treatment? (iv) the psychological support provided from the physician?
45/20 45/20 47/21 51/23
1 = Bad 2 = Mixed 3 = Good 4 = Excellent if variable IN (3, 4) then quality = 1; if variable IN (1, 2) then quality = 0; for multivariate analysis: if answer is missing then quality = 0;
Treatment satisfaction
Overall, how satisfied are you with your diabetes treatment (including your therapy with insulin, tablets, and/or diet) during the last weeks?
63/30
Rating scale from 1 to 7 1 (very dissatisfied) (very satisfied) for multivariate analysis: if answer is missing then treatment satisfaction = 5
Patient outcomes
Self-monitoring
In the past 6 months: how often have you performed the following examinations at home? (i) check your weight? (ii) check your feet for wounds and skin cracks? (iii) measure your blood-pressure? (iv) measure your blood-glucose?
35/19 36/20 37/20 35/19
1 = daily 2 = once or several times per week 3 = 1–3 times per month 4 = less than once per month 5 = never if variable IN (1, 2, 3) then self-monitoring = 1; if variable IN (4, 5) then self-monitoring = 0;
Adherence
How difficult do you find it to stick exactly to the physician’s recommendation concerning (i) medication intake? (ii) regular physical activity? (iii) keeping dietary advice? (iv) checking feet?
39/20 44/20 40/20 43/20
1 = very difficult 2 = somewhat difficult 3 = not difficult at all 4 = does not apply to me if variable IN (3) then adherence = 1; if variable IN (1, 2) then adherence = 0; if variable IN (4) then adherence =.;
Physical activity
How often do you engage in physical activity (in winter/summer)?
0/0
1 = regularly more than 2 hours p/week 2 = regularly approx. 1 hour p/week 3 = intermittently approx. 1 hour p/week 4 = hardly any or no physical activity if variable IN () then sports = 0; if variable IN (2, 3, 4) then sports = 1;
Smoking
Are you a regular smoker or smoking at convenience?
1/0
1 = regular smoker 2 = occasional smoker 3 = ex-smoker 4 = never smoked if variable IN (1, 2) then smoker = 1; if variable IN (3, 4) then smoker = 0;
Alcohol
Which alcoholic beverages did you consume during the past weekdays/weekend?
1/0
1 = no alcohol intake 2 = alcohol intake >0–<20 g/day 3 = alcohol intake >20–<40 g/day 4 = alcohol intake >40–<60 g/day 5 = alcohol intake >60–80 g/day 6 = alcohol intake more than 80 g/day alkkon = g/day if sex = male and variable IN (1, 2) then alcohol = 0; if sex = male and variable IN (3, 4, 5, 6) then alcohol = 1; if sex = female and alkkon =<10 then alcohol = 0; if sex = female and alkkon >10 then alcohol = 1;
Complications
This is a list of diseases of the eye. Have you ever been diagnosed with any of them by a physician? (i) Diabetic retinopathy (diseases that affect the macula of the eye). Has a physician diagnosed you ever with any of the following diseases of the kidney or the bladder? (i) Microalbuminuria Has a physician diagnosed you ever with any of the following diseases of the feet or legs? (i) Poor blood circulation in legs (ii) Peripheral neuropathy (numbness, Burning, and prickling)
49/16
47/11
41/11 38/11
1 = Yes 2 = No 3 = Do not know if variable IN () then complication = 1; if variable IN () then complication = 0; if variable IN () complication is coded as missing
Conditions associated with diabetes
How often during the last 6 months have you felt signs of high or low blood sugar? (i) Signs of high blood sugar (e.g. thirst, frequent passing of water) (ii) Signs of low blood sugar (e.g. sweating, faintness, trembling)
52/13 48/17
1 = once or several times per week 2 = 1–3 times per month 3 = less than once per month 4 = never if variable IN (1, 2, 3) then Condition = 1; if variable IN (4) then Condition = 0;
Health-related quality of life
SF-12 items (time frame of items: last 4 weeks)
111*/13
Calculation of summary scores according to Bullinger and Kirchberger (1998) [30]
In the F3 survey, SF-12 data were not collected for respondents ≥75 years.
