Dysglycaemia and Other Predictors for Progression or Regression from Impaired Fasting Glucose to Diabetes or Normoglycaemia

Table 2

Characteristics of subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) at baseline showing those who progressed to diabetes mellitus and those who regressed to normal fasting glucose (NFG) over the decade of follow-up. Data are shown as median (interquartile range) or (%).

	All ()	NFG ()	IFG ()	Diabetes ()
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)	5.3 (5.0–5.8)	5.7 (5.5–5.8)	5.7 (5.6–6.0)	5.9 (5.7–6.4)	<0.001
Age (years)	53.8 (44.0–64.4)	52.4 (41.5–65.0)	55.5 (45.8–64.2)	53.4 (43.7–65.9)	0.73
Weight (kg)	71.3 (62.7–81.1)	67.0 (60.5–76.3)	73.8 (67.1–86.1)	79.9 (74.3–96.0)	<0.001
BMI (kg/m^2)	27.7 (24.3–31.4)	25.9 (23.8–29.3)	28.8 (25.0–32.6)	30.5 (26.7–35.6)	<0.001
Body fat mass (kg)	28.5 (22.8–36.4)	26.7 (21.4–32.8)	30.8 (25.5–38.5)	35.2 (27.8–44.8)	<0.001
Lean mass (kg)	39.2 (35.9–42.4)	37.6 (35.1–41.1)	40.5 (37.4–43.6)	42.4 (38.6–45.4)	<0.001
Waist circumference (cm)	86.3 (78.0–94.2)	84.3 (74.5–90.3)	90.6 (82.4–101.2)	97.1 (87.0–104.6)	<0.001
Hip circumference (cm)	106.3 (100.0–114.6)	103.9 (99.1–109.8)	111.1 (102.7–118.7)	111.9 (104.9–125.6)	<0.001
WHR (waist-to-hip ratio)	0.81 (0.77–0.86)	0.79 (0.75–0.85)	0.83 (0.77–0.88)	0.84 (0.81–0.88)	0.004
WHtR (waist-to-height ratio)	0.54 (0.48–0.59)	0.52 (0.47–0.57)	0.56 (0.51–0.62)	0.58 (0.53–0.64)	<0.001
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	127.5 (114.3–139.8)	121.0 (111.0–135.0)	133.0 (123.0–141.5)	132.0 (120.5–141.0)	0.004
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	79.0 (72.0–86.0)	77.0 (71.0–84.0)	81.0 (73.0–89.8)	80.0 (73.5–88.0)	0.18
Serum triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.13 (0.80–1.61)	1.02 (0.76–1.37)	1.25 (0.88–1.63)	1.84 (1.02–2.88)	<0.001
Serum HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.21 (0.95–1.45)	1.26 (1.04–1.57)	1.15 (0.89–1.41)	0.93 (0.83–1.21)	0.002
Serum LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	3.06 (2.41–3.71)	3.02 (2.35–3.53)	3.00 (2.55–4.03)	3.33 (2.63–3.90)	0.24
Obesity (%)	62 (33.2)	24 (23.1)	27 (43.6)	11 (52.4)	0.004
Hypertension	80 (42.8)	34 (32.7)	34 (54.8)	12 (57.1)	0.008
Current smoker	25 (13.4)	12 (11.5)	10 (16.1)	3 (14.3)	0.7
High alcohol consumption	44 (23.5)	26 (25.0)	15 (24.2)	3 (14.3)	0.57
Low physical activity	44 (23.5)	21 (20.2)	19 (30.7)	4 (19.1)	0.27
Metabolic syndrome (%)	112 (59.9)	51 (49.0)	46 (74.2)	15 (71.4)	0.003
“Other” metabolic syndromes	68 (36.4)	26 (25.0)	29 (46.8)	13 (61.9)	<0.001

Missing data: serum fasting plasma glucose ; blood pressure ; serum triglycerides and serum HDL cholesterol ; serum LDL cholesterol .
Metabolic syndrome excluding FPG.