Euglycemia in Diabetic Rats Leads to Reduced Liver Weight via Increased Autophagy and Apoptosis through Increased AMPK and Caspase-3 and Decreased mTOR Activities

Figure 2

Changes in daily food intake (g per kg body weight per day), body weights, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels. (a) Mean daily food intake and (b) mean body weights during adaptation, induction of diabetes, and diet control periods. (c) Sequential changes in FBG levels throughout the study. Data are presented as means ± SD and were analyzed with one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. 19S: sham-operated rats fed standard chow ad libitum (protein 19.4, carbohydrate 68.8, and lipid 11.8 kcal%); 19AL: pancreatectomized diabetic rats fed standard chow ad libitum; 19R: pancreatectomized diabetic rats fed calorie-controlled standard chow to achieve euglycemia during the diet control period; 6R: pancreatectomized diabetic rats fed a calorie-controlled low protein diet (protein 6.0, carbohydrate 82.2, and lipid 11.8 kcal%) to achieve euglycemia during the diet control period. , , and versus 19S; versus 19AL.

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