Exposure to Common Food Additive Carrageenan Alone Leads to Fasting Hyperglycemia and in Combination with High Fat Diet Exacerbates Glucose Intolerance and Hyperlipidemia without Effect on Weight

Figure 5

Lipid parameters increased by carrageenan with HFD. (a) Total cholesterol was significantly higher in HFD and HFD + carrageenan mice, compared to control or carrageenan-exposed group (, ) at 50 weeks, and total cholesterol was more in HFD + carrageenan than HFD alone (). (b) HDL cholesterol did not change significantly following carrageenan but was higher in HFD and HFD + carrageenan (, ). (c) Non-HDL cholesterol did not change following carrageenan but increased following HFD and HFD + carrageenan (; ) and was significantly higher in the HFD + carrageenan group than HFD alone (). (d) Triglycerides increased by HFD and HFD + carrageenan, but not by carrageenan alone (). In HFD + carrageenan, triglycerides were higher than in HFD alone (; one-way ANOVA, with Tukey-Kramer posttest, total ). CGN = carrageenan; HDL = high density lipoprotein; HFD = high fat diet.

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