Evacuation after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident Is a Cause of Diabetes: Results from the Fukushima Health Management Survey
Table 3
Changes in clinical and biochemical characteristics among nonevacuees and evacuees after the Great East Japan Earthquake.
Nonevacuees
Evacuees
values
Before
After
value
Before
After
value
Normal glucose group
Number
11,125
5,635
Sex (male/female)
5,053/6,072
2,511/3,124
Age (years)
65.3 ± 9.7
66.8 ± 9.7
65.2 ± 10.3
66.9 ± 10.3
Body weight (kg)
56.0 ± 9.8
56.4 ± 10.1
<0.0001
56.6 ± 10.0
58.0 ± 10.6
<0.0001
<0.0001
BMI (kg/m2)
22.9 ± 3.0
23.1 ± 3.1
<0.0001
23.2 ± 3.1
23.8 ± 3.2
<0.0001
<0.0001
Blood pressure (mmHg)
Systolic
130.2 ± 16.6
132.4 ± 16.3
<0.0001
130.7 ± 17.1
132.3 ± 15.9
<0.0001
0.6702
Diastolic
77.2 ± 10.1
78.2 ± 10.2
<0.0001
76.6 ± 10.3
78.6 ± 10.0
<0.0001
0.0099
Hemoglobin A1c (%)
5.20 ± 0.20
5.21 ± 0.25
<0.0001
5.19 ± 0.21
5.22 ± 0.26
<0.0001
<0.0001
HDL-C (mg/dL)
60.3 ± 14.8
60.2 ± 14.8
0.1471
60.9 ± 14.8
58.9 ± 14.8
<0.0001
<0.0001
LDL-C (mg/dL)
120.3 ± 29.2
121.3 ± 29.9
<0.0001
118.9 ± 29.6
124.2 ± 31.8
<0.0001
0.0005
AST (IU/L)
24.6 ± 9.0
25.1 ± 11.1
<0.0001
25.1 ± 12.0
25.8 ± 10.9
0.0003
0.0021
ALT (IU/L)
19.4 ± 10.6
20.3 ± 12.8
<0.0001
20.2 ± 13.7
22.5 ± 16.1
<0.0001
<0.0001
-GT (IU/L)
32.3 ± 45.7
33.5 ± 48.8
<0.0001
33.5 ± 49.9
36.3 ± 45.8
<0.0001
0.0002
Normal-high glucose group
Number
4,105
2,335
Sex (male/female)
1,706/2,399
910/1,425
Age (years)
67.9 ± 8.3
69.3 ± 8.3
67.3 ± 9.1
68.8 ± 9.1
Body weight (kg)
57.0 ± 10.1
57.3 ± 10.4
<0.0001
57.5 ± 10.5
58.7 ± 10.9
<0.0001
<0.0001
BMI (kg/m2)
23.8 ± 3.3
24.0 ± 3.4
<0.0001
24.0 ± 3.3
24.6 ± 3.5
<0.0001
<0.0001
Blood pressure (mmHg)
Systolic
132.3 ± 16.0
134.4 ± 15.8
<0.0001
132.9 ± 17.7
133.8 ± 15.5
0.018
0.3446
Diastolic
77.5 ± 10.4
78.2 ± 9.8
<0.0001
76.6 ± 10.3
78.2 ± 9.7
<0.0001
0.0861
Hemoglobin A1c (%)
5.66 ± 0.11
5.64 ± 0.27
<0.0001
5.68 ± 0.11
5.63 ± 0.34
<0.0001
<0.0001
HDL-C (mg/dL)
57.9 ± 13.8
57.8 ± 14.1
0.5727
59.4 ± 14.2
57.3 ± 14.0
<0.0001
0.2394
LDL-C (mg/dL)
123.6 ± 30.2
123.9 ± 30.5
0.4586
122.7 ± 30.1
126.9 ± 31.3
<0.0001
0.322
AST (IU/L)
24.9 ± 9.1
25.3 ± 10.1
0.0097
24.8 ± 9.0
26.0 ± 11.4
0.0003
0.4519
ALT (IU/L)
20.6 ± 13.9
21.4 ± 13.6
0.0002
20.9 ± 12.2
23.3 ± 16.1
<0.0001
0.1371
-GT (IU/L)
30.9 ± 35.1
32.2 ± 44.5
0.0071
29.9 ± 30.6
33.1 ± 36.1
<0.0001
0.0012
Borderline glucose group
Number
1,011
724
Sex (male/female)
454/557
316/408
Age (years)
68.3 ± 8.1
69.8 ± 8.1
68.0 ± 8.8
69.5 ± 8.8
Body weight (kg)
59.3 ± 11.0
59.3 ± 11.1
0.791
59.4 ± 10.3
60.0 ± 10.6
<0.0001
0.007
BMI (kg/m2)
24.7 ± 3.6
24.7 ± 3.7
0.0986
24.6 ± 3.3
25.0 ± 3.4
<0.0001
0.0148
Blood pressure (mmHg)
Systolic
134.0 ± 17.1
135.7 ± 16.2
0.001
135.8 ± 18.6
134.6 ± 15.7
0.1104
0.54
Diastolic
77.7 ± 10.5
78.2 ± 10.2
0.1609
77.1 ± 10.4
78.8 ± 10.1
<0.0001
0.4414
Hemoglobin A1c (%)
6.10 ± 0.13
6.16 ± 0.55
0.0002
6.11 ± 0.13
6.12 ± 0.68
0.6701
0.0007
HDL-C (mg/dL)
56.4 ± 14.5
56.2 ± 14.5
0.3228
57.5 ± 14.3
55.9 ± 14.2
<0.0001
0.7792
LDL-C (mg/dL)
122.7 ± 30.5
122.4 ± 30.5
0.7321
125.3 ± 32.0
126.7 ± 33.0
0.3006
0.9227
AST (IU/L)
26.5 ± 12.7
26.4 ± 12.2
0.9944
26.7 ± 17.9
28.1 ± 15.5
0.0004
0.7899
ALT (IU/L)
24.1 ± 19.6
24.0 ± 17.5
0.7902
24.2 ± 19.8
27.5 ± 21.9
<0.0001
0.8524
-GT (IU/L)
37.2 ± 53.7
37.0 ± 55.6
0.3544
39.7 ± 72.5
39.2 ± 38.3
<0.0001
0.0973
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Age-adjusted P value comparing the changes in the evacuee group to the changes in the nonevacuee group before and after the earthquake. BMI, body mass index; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; -GT, -glutamyl transpeptidase.
