Association of Serum Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase and Ferritin with the Metabolic Syndrome
Table 1
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of subjects with and without metabolic syndrome according to the revised NCEP-ATP III and CDS criteria.
Revised NCEP-ATP III criteria
CDS criteria
MS
No MS
MS
No MS
Female
161 (27.4%)
427 (72.6%)
79 (13.4%)
509 (86.6%)
Age
50.3, 11.4
41.9, 13.6
49.1, 11.9
43.5, 13.7
GGT (U/L)
32.0 (20.0, 58.0)
18.0 (14.0, 28.0)
50.0 (28.0, 77.0)
17.0 (13.0, 27.0)
Ferritin (µmol/L)
117.7 (63.8, 169.3)
52.0 (27.9, 113.1)
121.5 (54.2, 246.0)
61.9 (29.8, 124.8)
BMI (kg/m2)
24.7, 3.5
21.5, 3.3
26.5, 3.3
21.8, 3.3
WC (cm)
86.6, 8.7
75.5, 8.6
89.5, 8.8
76.9, 9.1
SP (mmHg)
121.5, 21.2
108.2, 15.2
125.2, 21.8
109.8, 16.6
DP (mmHg)
82.8, 12.6
73.7, 11.5
85.1, 12.9
74.8, 11.9
TG (mmol/L)
2.5, 1.6
1.2, 0.9
2.7, 1.9
1.4, 1.0
HDL-C (mmol/L)
1.1, 0.4
1.2, 0.3
1.2, 0.5
1.2, 0.3
TC (mmol/L)
4.5, 0.9
4.1, 0.9
4.6, 1.0
4.2, 0.9
LDL-C (mmol/L)
2.7, 0.6
2.4, 0.6
2.6, 0.6
2.4, 0.6
FPG (mmol/L)
5.3, 1.6
4.7, 0.7
5.8, 2.0
4.8, 0.7
2 h PG (mmol/L)
8.0, 4.0
5.8, 1.6
9.9, 4.4
5.9, 1.8
HOMA-IR
1.8 (1.3, 2.6)
1.2 (0.9, 1.7)
2.3 (1.5, 3.2)
1.2 (0.9, 1.8)
Place (rural, %)
81 (50.3%)
234 (54.8%)
25 (31.6%)
290 (57.0%)
UA (mmol/L)
317.6, 83.9
281.4, 66.4
345.0, 107.3
283.5, 63.6
UACR (mg/mmol)
12.4 (5.8, 30.2)
11.1 (4.8, 20.4)
19.5 (8.6, 49.8)
10.5 (4.8, 20.4)
AST (U/L)
36.0, 20.4
31.3, 12.3
37.8, 17.5
31.8, 14.5
ALT (U/L)
46.1, 38.0
33.5, 18.6
53.6, 37.0
34.5, 23.6
Education (, %)†
16 (10.0%)
68 (15.9%)
14 (17.7%)
70 (13.7%)
Income (, %)‡
59 (36.6%)
143 (33.5%)
39/40 (49.4%)
163 (32.0%)
Activity (, %)
61 (37.9%)
124 (29.0%)
37 (46.8%)
148 (29.1%)
Heavy smoking ()
0
0
0
0
Heavy drinking (, %)††
13 (8.1%)
33 (7.7%)
11 (13.9%)
35 (6.9%)
HBsAg (, %)
21 (13.0%)
44 (10.3%)
11 (13.9%)
54 (10.6%)
Anti-HCV (, %)
4 (2.5%)
8 (1.9)
2 (2.5%)
10 (2.0%)
Male
36 (8.3%)
400 (91.7%)
56 (12.8%)
380 (87.2%)
Age
46.1, 13.5
45.9, 14.8
49.7, 12.5
44.4, 14.9
GGT (U/L)
63.0 (26.0, 128.0)
35.0 (23.0, 59.0)
78.0 (44.0, 140.0)
32.0 (21.0, 53.0)
Ferritin (µmol/L)
272.9 (175.4, 349.0)
185.9 (135.2, 298.6)
332.8 (262.2, 392.6)
174.5 (127.7, 285.5)
BMI (kg/m2)
24.5, 4.1
22.0, 3.2
26.8, 2.7
21.5, 2.9
WC (cm)
89.5, 11.6
80.0, 10.5
95.0, 9.3
78.6, 9.4
SP (mmHg)
122.6, 15.1
113.7, 16.4
128.2, 15.3
112.3, 15.7
DP (mmHg)
84.7, 10.2
77.2, 11.5
88.4, 10.6
76.2, 10.9
TG (mmol/L)
3.3, 4.5
1.5, 1.4
3.4, 3.9
1.4, 1.1
HDL-C (mmol/L)
0.9, 0.2
1.1, 0.3
1.2, 0.4
1.1, 0.3
TC (mmol/L)
4.4, 1.1
4.2, 0.9
4.8, 0.9
4.1, 0.9
LDL-C (mmol/L)
2.7, 0.8
2.5, 0.6
2.8, 0.7
2.4, 0.6
FPG (mmol/L)
6.0, 1.7
5.9, 18.4
5.7, 2.3
5.9, 19
2 h PG (mmol/L)
8.7, 4.2
6.0, 2.7
9.8, 3.6
5.7, 2.4
HOMA-IR
1.8 (1.2, 3.2)
1.3 (0.9, 1.8)
2.0 (1.3, 3.3)
1.2 (0.9, 1.8)
Place (rural, %)
22 (61.1%)
261 (65.3%)
12 (21.4%)
271 (71.3%)
UA (mmol/L)
402.5, 95.3
372.3, 89.2
441.0, 82.9
365.0, 86.9
UACR (mg/mmol)
26.6 (7.9, 77.3)
9.9 (4.0, 19.7)
20.5 (9.4, 60.3)
9.5 (3.7, 19.2)
AST (U/L)
46.2, 31.7
38.9, 40.4
43.7, 27.1
38.8, 41.5
ALT (U/L)
61.2, 40.1
49.0, 66.1
65.2, 41.3
47.6, 67.2
Education (, %)
10 (27.8%)
76 (19.0%)
26 (46.4%)
60 (15.8%)
Income (, %)
16 (44.4%)
144 (36.0%)
20 (35.7%)
140 (36.8%)
Activity (, %)
15 (41.7%)
127 (31.8%)
13 (23.2%)
129 (33.9%)
Heavy smoking (, %)
6 (16.7%)
19 (4.8%)
5 (8.9%)
20 (5.3%)
Heavy drinking (, %)
21 (58.3%)
201 (50.3%)
30 (53.6%)
192 (50.5%)
HBsAg (, %)
6 (16.7%)
53 (13.3%)
8 (14.3%)
51 (13.4%)
Anti-HCV (, %)
3 (8.3%)
20 (5%)
3 (5.4%)
20 (5.3%)
Data of age, BMI, WC, SP, DP, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, FPG, 2 h PG, UA, AST, and ALT are mean, standard deviation; data of GGT, ferritin, HOMA-IR, and UACR are median, interquartile range; other data are , %. compared with MS subjects; compared with MS subjects. †Higher level of education as college or higher. ‡Higher level of income as annual income more than 5000 renminbi (RMB). Regular recreational physical activity as moderate or vigorous activity for 30 minutes or more per day at least 3 days a week. Smoking 25+ cigarettes per day. ††Drinking 60+ mL of alcohol per day. MS: metabolic syndrome; BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; SP: systolic pressure; DP: diastolic pressure; TG: triglyceride; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein-cholesterol; TC: total cholesterol; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein-cholesterol; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; PG: postprandial plasma glucose; UA: uric acid; UACR: urinary albumin to creatinine ratio; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; HOMA-IR: insulin resistance assessed by homeostasis model assessment; HBsAg: hepatitis B surface antigen; anti-HCV: anti-hepatitis C virus.
