Psoriasis and Diabetes: A Multicenter Study in 222078 Type 2 Diabetes Patients Reveals High Levels of Depression
Table 2
Confounder-adjusted estimates for BMI, metabolic control, and diabetes therapy in type 2 diabetes patients with or without psoriasis.
Adjusted estimates
Type 2 diabetes
value
No psoriasis
Psoriasis
221846
232
—
BMI, kg/m2
30.6 [30.5; 30.6]
31.8 [31.0; 32.6]
0.004
( = 196674)
( = 205)
BMI-SDS
0.44 [0.44; 0.45]
0.68 [0.52; 0.84]
0.005
( = 198925)
( = 203)
Metabolic control
HbA1c, mmol/mol
59.0 [58.9; 59.1]
64.8 [62.1; 67.6]
<0.0001
( = 200030)
( = 219)
Type of diabetes therapy
Insulin, %
50.9 [50.7; 51.1]
62.3 [55.7; 68.5]
0.001
OAD/GLP-1 only, %
25.7 [25.5; 25.9]
23.7 [18.7; 29.6]
n.s.
Nonpharmacological therapy, %
21.9 [21.7; 22.1]
13.3 [9.5; 18.3]
0.002
Subgroup OAD
Metformin, %
32.9 [32.7; 33.1]
36.7 [30.8; 43.0]
n.s.
Insulin treatment regime
CT, %
29.6 [29.3; 29.9]
24.5 [17.8; 32.8]
n.s.
( = 113780)
( = 114)
ICT or pump, %
43.9 [43.6; 44.2]
44.5 [36.5; 52.8]
n.s.
SIT, %
11.7 [11.5; 11.9]
11.3 [7.1; 17.5]
n.s.
BOT, %
12.1 [11.9; 12.3]
16.4 [11.2; 23.5]
n.s.
Glucose self-monitoring
SMBG, per week
12.9 [12.8; 12.9]
16.0 [14.4; 17.7]
0.0001
( = 171865)
( = 176)
Adjusted means or proportion with 95% confidence intervals. The number in parentheses indicates the patients studied. Data were adjusted for age, sex, and duration of diabetes. n.s.: not significant, BMI: body mass index, BMI-SDS: body mass index standard deviation score, HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c, OAD/GLP-1: oral antidiabetic drug/glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist, CT: conventional insulin therapy, ICT: intensified conventional insulin therapy, SIT: supplementary insulin therapy, BOT: basal supported oral therapy, and SMBG: self-monitoring of blood glucose.
