Squamosamide Derivative FLZ Protects Pancreatic β-Cells from Glucotoxicity by Stimulating Akt-FOXO1 Pathway

Figure 2

Treatment with FLZ increases insulin content and GSIS at glucotoxicity. (a) INS-1E cells were cultured at G5.5 or G30 for 3 days. Insulin content was assayed without or with varying level of FLZ. Values are normalized against total protein. Data are means ± S.E.M. of 5–8 experiments for each group. versus the value at G5.5; versus the value at G30 without FLZ. ((b), (c)) Insulin secretion in INS-1E cells (b) or mouse islets (c) cultured at G5.5 (white bar) or G30 (grey bar) with or without 10 μM FLZ (black bar) for 3 days. After preincubation with 1 mL KRB buffer for 1 h, the cells were stimulated with 1 mL KRB buffer containing 16.8 mM glucose for 30 min. The supernatants were collected for measurement of secretory insulin. Values were normalized against total protein (b) or the amount of insulin secretion per islet (c); data are means ± S.E.M. of 7–11 (b) or of 5–8 experiments (c). versus the value at G5.5; versus the value at G30 without FLZ.

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