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Study | Country | Population | Intervention | Variables of interest | Comparison | Time horizon | Analytical approach | Study design |
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For diabetes prevention |
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Herman et al. [16], 2012 | USA | ≥25 y.o. IGT/IFG, BMI ≥ 24 (≥22 for Asians) | DPP lifestyle modification | Diabetes cases prevented, QALYs | Metformin, placebo | 10 years | Trial-based study | CU |
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Herman et al. [17], 2013 | USA | ≥25 y.o. IGT/IFG, BMI ≥ 24 (≥22 for Asian) | Lifestyle modification and metformin | Diabetes cases prevented, QALYs | Placebo | 10 years | Trial-based study | CU |
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van Wier et al. [18], 2013 | Netherlands | Adults aged 30–50 y at risk of T2D | Lifestyle intervention implemented in primary care | Risk of T2D, risk of CVD, and CVD mortality in the following 10 years | Provision of health brochures | 10 years (duration 2 years) | Trial-based study | CU/CE |
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Sagarra et al. [19], 2014 | Spain | Adults aged 45–75 y with IFG/IGT | Lifestyle intervention (individual or group intensive intervention) | Diabetes cases prevented, QALYs | Routine care | 4 years | Trial-based study | CU/CE |
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Kolu et al. [20], 2013 | Finland | ≥40 years BMI ≥ 25 or IGT, history of macrosomia, and type 2 or type 1 diabetes in first- or second-degree relatives | Lifestyle modification | Health perception, birth weight, and quality of life | Routine care | 37 weeks | Trial-based study | CU/CE |
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Oostdam et al. [21], 2012 | Germany | Overweight pregnant women and at least one of the following: history of macrosomia, GDM, or first grade relative with diabetes or obese | Exercise program (FitFor2) | Maternal fasting blood glucose, QALYs, infant birth weight, and insulin sensitivity | Routine care | 32 weeks | Trial-based study | CU |
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Liu et al. [22], 2013 | China | Age ≥25 y, IGT | One-time screening for IGT/T2D with positive case receiving (i) lifestyle intervention/diet; (ii) lifestyle intervention/exercise; (iii) both diet and exercise; (iv) one-time screening alone. | Remaining survival years and QALYs | Control | 40 years | Model-based study (decision tree and Markov) | CU |
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Png et al. [23], 2014 | Singapore | Subjects with prediabetes (IFG/IGT) | Lifestyle modification | QALYs | Metformin/ placebo | 3 years | Model-based study (decision tree) | CU |
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Bertram et al. [24], 2010 | Australia | Age ≥45 y and high BMI, family history of T2D, or people from indigenous, and women with GDM | Diet and/or exercise, | Diabetes cases prevented, DALYs Averted | Acarbose, metformin, and orlistat | Lifetime | Model-based study (Markov) | CE |
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Mortaz et al. [25], 2012 | Canada | Age ≥40 y and first-degree relative with T2D, high risk population groups (aboriginals, Hispanics, Asians, or Africans), and history of IGT/IFG, GDM, hypertension, dyslipidemia, overweight, abdominal obesity, and polycystic ovary | Screening followed by lifestyle intervention | QALYs | No screening | 10 years/ lifetime | Model-based study (Markov) | CU |
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Johansson et al. [26], 2009 | Sweden | Age 30–56 y and at risk of chronic disease without known diabetes | Lifestyle intervention | QALYs | Routine care | 10 years | Model-based study (Markov) | CU |
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Neumann et al. [27], 2011 | Germany | Subjects at high risk of developing T2D | Lifestyle intervention | QALYs | Routine care | Lifetime | Model-based study (Markov) | CU |
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Palmer and Tucker [28], 2012 | Australia | Mean age 50.6 y with IGT/IFG, BMI ≥ 34 | Intensive lifestyle intervention, Metformin | QALYs | Control | Lifetime | Model-based study (Markov) | CU |
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Smith et al. [29], 2010 | United States | BMI ≥ 25 and the 4 components of MetS as defined by NCEP/ATP III | Lifestyle intervention | QALYs | Routine care | 3 years | Model-based study (Markov) | CU |
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For obesity control |
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Tsai et al. [30], 2013 | USA | BMI 30–50, plus abdominal obesity plus at least one of the 4 other MetS criteria | Brief lifestyle counselling | QALYs and kilograms lost per year | Routine care | 2 years | Trial-based study | CU/CE |
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Cobiac et al. [31], 2010 | Australia | Age ≥ 40 y and BMI ≥ 27 | “Lighten up to Healthy Lifestyle” and “Weight Watchers” | Weight lost/DALYs averted | Routine care | 12 months | Model-based study (Markov) | CE |
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Miners et al. [32], 2012 | United Kingdom | Age ≥ 50 y and BMI ≥ 30 | E- learning devices to promote healthy diet and physical activity | Weight lost/QALYs gained | Routine care | Lifetime | Model-based study (e-learning economic evaluation model) | CU |
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Forster et al. [33], 2011 | Australia | Age ≥ 40 y and BMI ≥ 25 | The Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and low fat diet intervention | Weight lost/DALYs Averted | Routine care | 100 years | Model-based study (Markov) | CE |
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Lewis et al. [34], 2014 | UK | Adult subjects with BMI ≥ 30 | Lighter Life total (a very low calorie diet total dietary replacement) weight reduction program and group support appropriate for obese people | Weight lost, QALYs gained | (A) With BMI ≥ 30 group: (1) no treatment, (2) lifestyle intervention, (3) weight watchers, (4) slimming world, and (5) lighter life total movement only (B) With BMI ≥ 40 group: (1) no treatment, (2) gastric banding, (3) gastric bypass, and (4) lighter life total movement only | 10 years | Not specified | CU |
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Anokye et al. [35], 2011 | United Kingdom | Age 40–60 y, sedentary lifestyle | Exercise Referral scheme in physical activity | QALYs | Routine care | Lifetime | Model-based study (decision tree) | CU |
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