Fiber in Diet Is Associated with Improvement of Glycated Hemoglobin and Lipid Profile in Mexican Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Table 2
Metabolic control and diet characteristics of the studied population ().
Mean ± SD or median (Interquartile range)
Reference value
Adequate control (%)
Biochemical variables
HbA1c (%)
8.48 ± 2.2
<7%
136 (34)
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)
146 (117–201)
70–130 mg/dL
149 (38)
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
195.90 ± 41.1
<200 mg/dL
229 (58)
LDL-c (mg/dL)
112.46 ± 32.0
<100 mg/dL
128 (32)
HDL-c (mg/dL)
41.68 ± 11.2
>50 F and >40 M mg/dL
70 (25.9)/41 (33)
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
180 (134–251)
<150 mg/dL
134 (34)
Creatinine (mg/dL)
0.81 ± 0.2
0.7–1.3 mg/dL
387 (98)
Anthropometric variables and blood pressure (BP)
Weight (kg)
75.42 ± 14.8
—
—
Body mass index (kg/m2)
30.52 ± 5.3
18.5–24.9 kgm2
47 (12)
Waist circumference (cm)
100.48 ± 12.4
<80 (F) and <90 (M) cm
12 (4)/24 (19)
Body fat (%)
41.90 ± 11.7
20–30 (F) and 12–20 (M) cm
5 (4)/12 (4)
Systolic BP (mmHg)
124.50 ± 15.9
≤130 mmHg
324 (83)
Diastolic BP (mmHg)
83.25 ± 11.1
≤80 mmHg
224 (57)
Diet variables
Total energy kcal/day1
1792.25 ± 683.2
20–30 kcal/kg/day
179 (45)
Carbohydrates (g/day)/%
225.65 ± 93.6/50.3 ± 7.8
50–55%
97 (25)
Soluble CHO g/day
59.00 (37.87–70.81)/13.1 ± 4.5
<10%
97 (25)
Proteins g/day/%
67.59 ± 23.3/15.5 ± 3.0
10–15%
188 (48)
Fats g/day/%
70.02 ± 28.8/36.0 ± 7.0
25–30%
64 (16)
Dietary fiber g/1000 kcal
13.83 ± 0.4
14 g/1000 Kcal
188 (48)
Saturated fats g/day/%
20.24 ± 9.4/10.1 ± 2.2
<7%
28 (7)
Fructose g/day
20 (14–27)
(20 g)/day
195 (49)
Cholesterol mg/day
195 (129–252)
<200 mg
212 (54)
Sodium mg/day
1492.57 ± 594.0
<2000 mg
269 (82)
Balanced diet2
—
—
30 (8)
Caloric recommendations for adults older than 51 years and sedentary behavior were considered, as well as a caloric reduction for subjects with diabetes, obesity, or overweight; in normal weight, 30 kcal/kg/day was considered in reference value, in overweight, 25 kcal/kg/day, and, in obesity, 20 kcal/kg/day. 2Balanced diet was considered when the proportion of carbohydrates was between 50 and 55%, proteins 10–15%, and fats < 30% from total kcal value. F: female. M: male.
