Low Self-Confidence and Diabetes Mismanagement in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes Mediate the Relationship between Behavioral Problems and Elevated HbA1c

Table 1

Characteristics of participating adolescents.

Boys (N/%)	45 (51.1)
Age (yrs)	12.9 ± 1.2
HbA1c	64.3 mmol/mol (8.0%) ± 11.5 mmol/mol
Age diabetes onset	7.1 ± 3.8
Diabetes duration (yrs)	5.8 ± 3.8
Pump/injections (%)	80.7/19.3 ≥ 4 per day
Traditional family composition (%)	83
SDQ overall problem behavior (0–40)	8.6 ± 4.3
SDQ external problem behavior (0–20)	4.9 ± 2.8
SDQ internal problem behavior (0–20)	3.7 ± 2.8
CIDS-Youth (12–60)	51.2 ± 5.3
Mismanagement (4–16)	6.4 ± 2.0

Data are means ± SD, unless otherwise indicated.