Journal of Diabetes Research / 2016 / Article / Tab 1 / Research Article
Brain Activation during Memory Encoding in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Discordant Twin Pair Study Table 1 Sample characteristics (22 discordant twin pairs).
Type 2 diabetes No diabetes Mean age (years) 59.5 (5.3) 59.5 (5.3) Male sex 12 (55%) 8 (36%) 0.38 Years of education (years) 12.9 (4.8) 12.8 (5.3) 0.88 Fasting glucose (mmol/L) 7.0 (1.5) 5.7 (0.8) 0.02 Hypertension 14 (67%) 6 (28%) 0.04 Ischemic heart disease 2 (9%) 0 (0%) 0.50 Hypercholesterolemia 12 (54%) 11 (50%) 0.98 Ever-smoking 12 (57%) 9 (41%) 0.45 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) 151 (18.1) 142 (17.9) 0.05 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) 83.8 (11.6) 82.9 (8.5) 0.86 Waist (cm) 107.2 (10.6) 96.6 (16.2) 0.004 Height (cm) 164.9 (21.4) 166.4 (10.9) 0.78 Weight (kg) 93.5 (14.9) 84.1 (18.9) 0.03 Mood score (GDS) 2.7 (2.6) 2.2 (2.9) 0.45 NART-R FSIQ 107.9 (8.9) 107.8 (8.5) 0.93 HVLT delayed recall 9.0 (2.5) 9.8 (1.9) 0.25 HVLT recognition 11.5 (0.7) 11.2 (1.1) 0.25 Rey complex figure copy 34.7 (1.8) 34.7 (2.3) 0.94 Rey complex figure delayed recall 19.4 (6.1) 19.5 (6.5) 0.94 WMS3 mental control 25.5 (6.1) 25.3 (4.7) 0.88 WMS3 digit span total 18.5 (4.2) 18.6 (3.9) 0.83 PAL total errors (raw) 27.9 (30.1) 28.2 (31.5) 0.96 SRT correct latency (mean) 275.1 (62.4) 258.2 (43.5) 0.21 Total hippocampal volume (mL) 4.5 (0.5) 4.5 (0.6) 0.99 Gray matter volume (mL) 635.7 (63) 644.2 (62) 0.59 White matter volume (mL) 461.4 (59) 468.6 (52) 0.55 White matter lesion volume (mL) 4.6 (2.0) 5.1 (3.3) 0.31 MRI infarcts 0 (0) 0 (0) Insulin therapy 4 (18%) 0 (0) <0.001 Oral antidiabetic agents 20 (91%) 0 (0) <0.001 Blood pressure agents 18 (82%) 7 (32%) <0.001 Cholesterol lowering agents 17 (77%) 5 (23%) <0.001 Duration of diabetes (years) 10.1 (9.7) —
