Brain Activation during Memory Encoding in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Discordant Twin Pair Study
Table 4
Regions associated with increased activation in type 2 diabetes.
All (22 pairs)
Region
Hemisphere
score
Precuneus
R
22
50
4.85
3641
Inferior parietal lobule
R
32
2
4.7
Inferior parietal lobule
R
36
48
4.59
Superior parietal lobule
R
28
50
4.49
Superior parietal lobule
R
36
58
4.36
Cuneus
R
30
6
4.34
Fusiform gyrus
L
4.88
1642
Cuneus
L
16
4.34
Cuneus
L
36
4.22
Middle occipital gyrus
L
4.2
Middle occipital gyrus
L
6
4.13
Middle occipital gyrus
L
18
4.12
Superior parietal lobule
L
56
4.84
540
Superior parietal lobule
L
50
4.32
Superior parietal lobule
L
56
4.08
Precuneus
L
54
4.03
Precuneus
L
48
3.6
Superior parietal lobule
L
52
3.6
MZ (8 pairs)
Region
Hemisphere
score
Precuneus
L
44
4.75
5640
Superior parietal lobule
R
10
62
4.66
Cingulate gyrus
R
4
38
4.58
Precuneus
R
2
40
4.58
Inferior parietal lobule
R
46
60
4.56
Superior parietal lobule
R
34
60
4.53
Angular gyrus
L
42
4.6
1561
Inferior parietal lobule
L
44
4.5
Inferior parietal lobule
L
48
4.47
Inferior parietal lobule
L
44
4.46
Inferior parietal lobule
L
44
4.4
Inferior parietal lobule
L
50
4.37
Medial frontal gyrus
R
24
4
50
4.38
748
Medial frontal gyrus
R
32
58
4.28
Middle frontal gyrus
R
30
54
4.11
Middle frontal gyrus
R
32
6
58
3.83
Middle frontal gyrus
L
32
18
4.39
719
Middle frontal gyrus
L
54
4.06
Middle frontal gyrus
L
0
60
3.94
Middle frontal gyrus
L
54
4.89
Precentral gyrus
L
24
34
3.78
Precentral gyrus
L
54
3.74
Precentral gyrus
L
54
3.74
Superior frontal gyrus
L
60
4.17
Superior frontal gyrus
L
62
3.87
Middle frontal gyrus
L
40
3.38
328
Inferior parietal lobule
L
38
4.28
Inferior parietal lobule
L
32
3.9
Inferior parietal lobule
L
30
3.78
284
Inferior parietal lobule
L
30
3.7
Inferior parietal lobule
L
18
3.38
Inferior parietal lobule
L
24
3.23
DZ (14 pairs)
Region
Hemisphere
score
Middle occipital gyrus
L
24
4.12
857
Cuneus
L
28
4.07
Cuneus
L
36
4.05
Middle occipital gyrus
L
2
3.88
Middle occipital gyrus
L
18
3.78
Middle occipital gyrus
L
4
3.71
Fusiform gyrus
L
4.36
421
Middle occipital gyrus
L
3.63
Precuneus
R
22
50
3.81
Precuneus
R
26
52
3.74
400
Middle occipital gyrus
R
32
24
3.59
Superior parietal lobule
R
26
48
3.55
Middle occipital gyrus
R
34
4
3.52
Precuneus
R
32
40
3.34
Superior parietal lobule
R
34
58
3.65
Inferior parietal lobule
R
36
48
3.51
276
Inferior parietal lobule
R
36
40
3.09
Superior parietal lobule
R
20
64
2.95
Superior parietal lobule
R
26
64
2.76
Inferior parietal lobule
R
36
46
2.57
Covariates include gender (except in MZ comparisons), waist circumference, and history of hypertension. MZ: monozygotic; DZ: dizygotic. , , and refer to Montreal Neurological Institute voxel coordinates; regions are based on the Talairach Daemon; : peak voxel cluster; L: left hemisphere; R: right hemisphere. All comparisons are within twin pairs and corrected for family-wise error (FWE) threshold of 0.05.
