| Ac proteins | Acetylation site | Target genes | Target renal loci | Effects in DN | References |
| Histone lysine | H3K9 | MCP-1, ICAM-1, andVCAM-1; TXNIP | db/db mice kidney; Akita mice renal cortex, MCs | Advanced diabetic glomerulosclerosis; inflammation | [32–34] | H3K9/14 | TNF-α, COX-2; MCP-1, IL-6; PAI-1, p21; RAGE; CTGF, FN | Human blood monocytes; rat VSMCs; MMCs, db/db mice glomeruli; RMCs; STZ-induced mice | Inflammation; increased miR-192 expression; hypertrophy, fibrosis | [30, 31, 35, 36, 38, 39] | H3K18 | MCP-1, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 | Akita mice renal cortex, MCs | Advanced diabetic glomerulosclerosis; inflammation | [33] | H3K23 | | db/db mice kidney | Advanced diabetic glomerulosclerosis | [32, 33] | H3K27 | | MMCs, db/db mice glomeruli | Increased miR-192 expression | [35] | H4 | GRP78, CHOP | STZ-induced rat kidney | Cell apoptosis, proteinuria, and increase of Scr | [44] | H4K5/8/12 | TNF-α, COX-2 | Human blood monocytes | Inflammation | [30] |
| Nonhistone proteins | Ets-1 | | MMCs, db/db mice glomeruli | Increased miR-192 expression | [35] | Foxo4 | Bcl2111 | Podocyte | Promoting apoptosis | [45] | NF-κB | TGF-β1, FN, and type IV collagen | RMCs, diabetic rats | UAE increase, matrix expansion, and ECM deposition | [46] | NF-κB p65 | MCP-1, PAI-1, and TGF-β1 | Mice and human diabetic kidneys, human podocytes; RMCs; | Kidney injury; inflammation; | [47, 48] | STAT3 | | mice and human diabetic kidneys; human podocytes | Kidney injury | [47] | Smad3 | SREBP-1; type IV collagen | MMCs; iHMCs | Inducing glomerulosclerosis, increased albuminuria | [49, 50] | Nephrin | WT-1, TGF-β1, and FN | STZ-induced FVB mice, podocyte | Ameliorate HG-induced podocyte dysfunction | [51] |
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