Endurance and Resistance Training Affect High Fat Diet-Induced Increase of Ceramides, Inflammasome Expression, and Systemic Inflammation in Mice

Figure 5

Relative mRNA of genes involved in ceramide biosynthesis pathway in liver of exercise HFD and ST fed mice. A detailed description of the calculation of the relative mRNA levels can be found in Material and Methods. Briefly, all Ct values were transformed into relative quantification data by using the equation, and the highest relative quantities for each gene were set to 1. (a) CerS2: ceramide synthase 2, (b) CerS4: ceramide synthase 4, (c) ELOVL1: fatty acid elongase 1, (d) ELOVL4: fatty acid elongase 3, ACER2: alkaline ceramidase 2, (f) SPTLC2: serine palmitoyltransferase, long chain base subunit 2, (g) SMPD1: sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (acid lysosomal), and (h) SCD1: stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1. HFD: high fat diet, ST: standard diet, S: sedentary, ET: endurance training, and RT: resistance training. A: comparison between ST diet groups and corresponding HFD group (); #: comparison between sedentary HFD group and the exercised HF groups.

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