Resting Heart Rate Does Not Predict Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Table 1
Clinical and biochemical characteristics of subjects divided according to history of CVD, baseline data.
Variables
All
CVD-
CVD-
(%)
421
81 (19.2)
340 (80.0)
Sex: men/women, (%)
217 (52)/204 (48)
52 (64)/29 (36)
165 (49)/175 (51)
0.01
Age (years)
67 61–75
70 63–76
67 60–74
0.009
Diabetes duration (years)
14 8–21
16 12–23
13 7–20
1 × 10−4
FPG (mmol/L)
8.5 6.8–10.9
9.3 7.8–11.8
8.1 6.6–10.8
0.02
HbA1c (%), IFCC calibration
6.4 5.4–8.1
6.6 5.9–8.0
6.4 5.2–8.1
NS
Creatinine (mol/L)
142 114–214
188 139–311
135 101–191
<1 × 10−6
Urea (mmol/L)
11.0 7.3–17.3
16.0 10.1–21.6
9.9 6.9–16.2
<1 × 10−5
Albuminuria (mg/24 hours)
500 140–2080
1540 350–3670
400 130–1740
7 × 10−4
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
144 130–160
145 125–150
142 130–160
NS
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
80 75–90
80 70–95
80 75–90
NS
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)
4.9 4.2–5.8
4.5 3.9–5.3
4.9 4.3–5.8
0.02
Beta blockers users (%)
46.3
50.6
45.3
NS
RAAS inhibitors users (%)
62
53.1
64.1
NS
Other antihypertensive therapy (%)
69.1
71.6
68.5
NS
History of renal disease, (%)
328 (77.9)
73 (90)
255 (75)
NS
Decliners (GFR loss ≥ 3.3% per year), (%)
191 (45.4)
36 (44)
155 (45.6)
NS
RHR (bpm)
75 70–80
75 70–84
75 70–80
NS
Data are expressed as median interquartile range or percentages. Differences evaluated by nonparametric Mann-Whitney or chi-square test, respectively. FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; RHR, resting heart rate.
