Resting Heart Rate Does Not Predict Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Table 2
Clinical and biochemical characteristics of subjects divided according to history of DKD, baseline data.
Variables
All
DKD-
DKD-
(%)
421
328 (77.9)
93 (22.1)
Sex: men/women, (%)
217 (52)/204 (48)
175(53)/153 (47)
42 (45)/51 (55)
NS
Age (years)
67 61–75
68 62–75
63 56–71
3 × 10−4
Diabetes duration (years)
14 8–21
15 9–22
10 6–15
4 × 10−5
FPG (mmol/L)
8.5 6.8–10.9
8.8 6.9–11.2
8.0 6.8–9.7
NS
HbA1c (%), IFCC calibration
6.4 5.4–8.1
6.5 5.5–8.1
6.2 5.3–8.0
NS
Creatinine (mol/L)
142 114–214
164 125–258
91 81–107
<1 × 10−6
Urea (mmol/L)
11.0 7.3–17.3
13.3 8.7–19.6
6.1 5.3–7.6
<1 × 10−6
Albuminuria (mg/24 hours)
500 140–2080
840 260–2350
110 90–150
<1 × 10−6
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
144 130–160
144 130–160
140 130–160
NS
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
80 75–90
80 74–90
90 80–98
0.001
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)
4.9 4.2–5.8
4.9 4.2–5.7
4.9 4.3–5.9
NS
Beta blockers at treatment (%)
46.3
48.5
33.3
NS
RAAS inhibitors at treatment (%)
62
60.7
58.1
NS
Other antihypertensive therapy (%)
69.1
71
52.7
NS
History of CV disease, (%)
328 (77.9)
73 (22)
8 (9)
0.01
Decliners (GFR loss ≥ 3.3% per year), (%)
191 (45.4)
164 (50)
27 (29)
RHR (bpm)
75 70–80
74 70–80
74 70–80
NS
Data are expressed as median interquartile range or percentages. Differences evaluated by nonparametric Mann-Whitney or chi-square test, respectively. CV, cardiovascular; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; RHR, resting heart rate.
