Noninsulin Antidiabetic Drugs for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Are We Respecting Their Contraindications?

Table 1

Demographic and clinical characteristics of T2DM patients included in the study.

Characteristic	= 255,499
Age, mean (SD), years	68.0 (11.0)
Gender, (%)
Female	114,181 (44.7%)
Male	141,318 (55.3%)
T2DM duration, mean (SD), years	8.0 (5.6)
HbA1c, mean (SD), %	7.3 (1.4)
BMI, mean (SD), kg/m^2	30.3 (5.2)
Renal failure (GFR < 60 mL/min), (%)	40,666 (20.1%)
Severe renal failure (GFR < 30 mL/min), (%)	2,014 (1.0%)
Complications, (%)
Patients with registered severe hypoglycemia episodes	463 (0.2%)
Diabetic retinopathy	19,857 (7.8%)
ACR > 300 mg/g	6,661 (2.6%)
Diabetic neuropathy	7,509 (2.9%)
Ischemic heart disease	31,145 (12.2%)
Stroke	15,158 (5.9%)
Peripheral artery disease	12,295 (4.8%)
Heart failure	13,276 (5.2%)
Any macrovascular complication	51,007 (20.0%)
Glucose-lowering treatment, alone or in combination, (%)
Metformin	225,753 (88.4%)
Sulfonylureas	79,472 (31.1%)
Meglitinides	16,941 (6.6%)
AGIs	1,877 (0.7%)
Pioglitazone	3,290 (1.3%)
DPP4i	39,682 (15.5%)
GLP-1ra	2,374 (0.9%)
Insulin with a NIAD	46,150 (18.1%)

Out of 199,523 patients with available HbA1c records.
Out of 195,674 patients with available GFR records.
ACR: albumin/creatinin ratio; AGI: alpha-glucosidase inhibitors; BMI: body mass index; DPP4i: dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors; GLP-1ra: glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists; GFR: glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; NIAD: noninsulin antidiabetic drug; SD: standard deviation; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus.