Noninsulin Antidiabetic Drugs for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Are We Respecting Their Contraindications?

Table 3

Number of T2DM patients (%) with relevant contraindications and glucose-lowering agents prescribed (alone or in combination). Percentages indicate the proportion of patients treated with each NAID with respect to the total number of patients with the condition.

Condition	Total patients with the condition	Metformin; ( = 225,753)	Sulfonylureas; ( = 79,742)	Meglitinides; ( = 16,941)	AGIs; ( = 1,877)	Pioglitazone; ( = 3,290)	DPP4i; ( = 39,682)	GLP-1ra; ( = 2,374)
Renal failure; (GFR < 60 mL/min), (%)	40,666 (20.1)	31,727 (78.0)	12,695 (31.2)	5,019 (12.3)	381 (0.9)	514 (1.3)	6,559 (16.1)	198 (0.5)
Severe renal failure; (GFR < 30 mL/min), (%)	2,014 (1.0)	711 (35.3)	545 (22.5)	769 (38.1)	21 (1.0)	31 (1.5)	468 (23.2)	9 (0.4)
Heart failure, (%)	13,276 (5.2)	9,711 (73.1)	4,266 (32.1)	1,698 (12.8)	120 (0.9)	82 (0.6)	2,063 (15.5)	113 (0.8)
Heart failure; (NYHA functional stage), (%)
Class I	938	761 (81.1)	285 (30.4)	88 (9.4)	6 (0.6)	5 (0.5)	161 (17.2)	6 (0.6)
Class II	2,300	1,720 (74.8)	705 (30.7)	283 (12.3)	21 (0.9)	14 (0.6)	353 (15.3)	30 (1.3)
Class III	1,118	758 (67.8)	321 (28.7)	197 (17.6)	9 (0.8)	5 (0.4)	163 (14.6)	11 (1.0)
Class IV	104	63 (60.6)	28 (26.9)	18 (17.3)	2 (1.9)	1 (1.0)	16 (15.4)	1 (1.0)
Liver dysfunction, (%)	1,447 (0.6)	1,140 (78.8)	402 (27.8)	114 (7.9)	12 (0.8)	7 (0.5)	221 (15.3)	14 (1.0)
Bladder cancer, (%)	3,073 (1.2)	2,573 (83.7)	953 (31.0)	277 (9.0)	23 (0.7)	33 (1.1)	484 (15.8)	11 (0.4)

Out of 195,674 patients with available GFR records.
Out of 4,458 patients with available New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification records.
AGI: alpha-glucosidase inhibitors; DPP4i: dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors; GLP-1ra: glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists; GFR: glomerular filtration rate.